Empathizing
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a response style used to show that the listener is identifying with the
speaker.
,Irrational thinking and debilitative emotions come from accepting irrational thoughts
or fallacies.
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1) The fallacy of perfection is the thought that a competent communicator
should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill.
2) The fallacy of approval is the mistaken belief that it is vital to obtain
everyone's approval.
3) The fallacy of should is the inability to distinguish between what is and
what should be.
4) The fallacy of overgeneralization occurs when a person bases a belief on
a limited amount of evidence.
5) The fallacy of causation is the belief that one should not do anything that
will cause harm or inconvenience to others because it will cause
undesirable feelings.
6) The fallacy of helplessness suggests that forces beyond our control
determine life satisfaction.
7) The fallacy of catastrophic expectations occurs when one assumes that if
something bad can happen then it will.
Achievement Cultures
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place a high value on material success and focusing on the task at hand
Facilitative emotions contribute to effective functioning, while debilitative emotions
hinder or prevent effective performance
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, 1) Debilitative emotions are more intense than facilitative emotions.
2) Debilitative feelings also have an extended duration.
3) Rumination is recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate
environment.
Listening Styles
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1) oriented listening concerned with efficiency and accomplishing the job
at hand.
2) Relational listening concerned with building emotional closeness with
others.
3) Analytical listening concerned with attending to full message before
judging
4) Critical listening is used to evaluate messages
We cling to first impressions - our initial impressions often carry more weight than the
ones to follow.
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1) Primacy effect - tendency to pay more attention to, and to better recall,
things that happen first in a sequence
2) Halo effect - tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person
on the basis of one positive characteristic.
3) Confirmation bias - process of seeking out and organizing our
impressions to support our initial opinion.
Emotional Contagion
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the process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another.
Power Distance
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describe the degree to which members of a society accept an unequal
distribution of power
Self-Concept
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the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold for yourself
Perceived Self
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the person each of us believe we are when we examine ourselves
Chronemics
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