UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS| LATEST 2026

UCLA EMT TRAUMA TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Perfusion - Answer-Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2 - Requires a pump (heart), fluid (blood), and vessels /.Hypoperfusion - Answer-inadequate flow of blood: i.e. SHOCK /.Hypovolemic shock - Answer-shock resulting from blood or fluid loss - can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration /.Distributive shock - Answer-widespread vasodilation - can be caused by SEPSIS /.Sepsis - Answer-- Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout bloodstream - Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary permeability & reduced intravascular fluid /.How to treat septic shock? - Answer-POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport /.Neurogenic shock - Answer-loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury & damage to the nervous system) /.Symptoms of neurogenic shock - Answer-hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage) - usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock) /.Anaphylactic shock - Answer-Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation /.Anaphylactic shock symptoms - Answer-- Increased vascular permeability - Bronchoconstriction - Stridor - Hives, edema, itching /.4 types of skull fractures - Answer-- linear, depressed, open, basilar /.Linear skull fracture - Answer-A simple crack in the skull - least deadly - most common - usually perpendicular to suture in skull /.Depressed skull fracture - Answer-Inward indentation of the skull with possible pressure on brain - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head) - Will feel abnormal /.Open skull fracture - Answer-a skull fracture with an associated open wound to the overlying scalp - pierced brain cavity - worst injury, most deadly /.Basilar skull fracture - Answer-- Fracture at the base of the skull - leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds) /.Symptoms of basilar skull fracture (& when will they show up) - Answer-- Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath) - Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears - Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a while for blood to pool causing symptoms) /.TBI - Answer-Traumatic brain injury: injury capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, vocation changes /.Primary TBI - Answer-Immediate injury from bruising or penetrating objects /.Secondary TBI - Answer-Injury resulting from hypoxia (lack of perfusion) in the brain /.Epidural hematoma - Answer-- hematoma (bleeding) located superior to the dura mater - results from direct trauma to brain /.symptoms of epidural hematoma - Answer-lucid interval - pt. will usually be knocked unconscious initially, wake up and be able to answer questions, then go unconscious again after pressure builds as a result of bleeding /.What type of bleeding is associated with epidural hematoma - Answer-ARTERIAL- which means it comes on much more quickly than subdural /.Subdural hematoma - Answer-- bleeding beneath dura - usually a result of falls (deceleration forces) /.What type of bleeding is associated with subdural hematoma - Answer-VENOUS - slower formation, symptoms show up hours to days after trauma /.Symptoms of subdural hematoma - Answer-- decreased LOC - slurred speech