Page 1 of 269
MSRA HIGHYIELD CONDITIONS
GUIDELINES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND
MANAGEMENT NEWEST UPDATE 2026-
2027 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
What is the most appropriate management for febrile seizures?
Ibuprofen
What antiepileptics are first line for partial seizures?
Lamotrigine
or
Carbamezapine
Small irregular pupils that don't react to light?
Argyll Robertson
What is a Marcus Gun pupil?
Eyes dilated. Afferant nerves don't work properly so that eye doesn't constrict to direct light.
, Page 2 of 269
What test is used to investigate lung function in pulmonary fibrosis?
Lung Diffusion Test
What investigation can be used to differentiate between a bacterial/non-bacterial
exacerbation of COPD?
Procalcitonin
Does smoking increase the risk of hyperemsis gravidarum?
No
What is the main risk factor for necrotising enterocolitis?
Prematurity
What is the most appropriate antidepressant can you give for someone who is depressed with
a bg of IBS?
TCA's (e.g. Amitriptyline is used often)
What is the treatment for H.pylori infection?
Triple therapy:
PPI + Amoxcillin + Clarithromycin
For pen. allergic: PPI + Metronidazole + Clarithromycin
, Page 3 of 269
How might the presentation of spinal cord compression differ to cauda equina syndrome?
With Spinal Cord Compression you usually have the lesion betwen T10 - L1 so you get loss of
flexion of lower limbs.
With Cauda Equina Syndrome, the compression is below L2 so you get weakness usually in the
feet and toes.
What is the most electrolyte abnormality if you have someone with headache, nausea,
vomiting and confusion but no bony pain?
Hyponatraemia
What are the indications for emergency dialysis
3 out of 4 of the following:
1. Hyperkalaemia (>7)
2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Pulmonary Oedema
4. Uraemia
30 mins after starting a blood transfusion your patient develops itchiness and fever. Whats
the diagnosis?
Febrile non-haemolytic reaction.
, Page 4 of 269
Within the first 2 mins of starting a blood transfusion, your patient develops SOB, chest pain
and hypotension. Whats the diagnosis?
Haemolytic transfusion reaction
What Budd-Chiari Syndrome?
blockage of the hepatic veins
What is Arnold-Chiari malformation?
Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum.
Presents as vagua neuroligical symptoms e.g. headaches and worsening gait.
What is Von Hippel-Lindau disease?
Its a hereditary condition that predisposes to benign and malignant tumours
What is condition is Antithymocyte globulin used in?
Aplastic Anaemia
What is Chloasma?
well demarcated areas of hyperpigmentation in the face/forehead of pregnant woman.
Generalised weakness, fever, malaise, joint aches, jaundice and markedly deranged liver
function tests on background of risky sexual behaviour?
MSRA HIGHYIELD CONDITIONS
GUIDELINES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND
MANAGEMENT NEWEST UPDATE 2026-
2027 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
What is the most appropriate management for febrile seizures?
Ibuprofen
What antiepileptics are first line for partial seizures?
Lamotrigine
or
Carbamezapine
Small irregular pupils that don't react to light?
Argyll Robertson
What is a Marcus Gun pupil?
Eyes dilated. Afferant nerves don't work properly so that eye doesn't constrict to direct light.
, Page 2 of 269
What test is used to investigate lung function in pulmonary fibrosis?
Lung Diffusion Test
What investigation can be used to differentiate between a bacterial/non-bacterial
exacerbation of COPD?
Procalcitonin
Does smoking increase the risk of hyperemsis gravidarum?
No
What is the main risk factor for necrotising enterocolitis?
Prematurity
What is the most appropriate antidepressant can you give for someone who is depressed with
a bg of IBS?
TCA's (e.g. Amitriptyline is used often)
What is the treatment for H.pylori infection?
Triple therapy:
PPI + Amoxcillin + Clarithromycin
For pen. allergic: PPI + Metronidazole + Clarithromycin
, Page 3 of 269
How might the presentation of spinal cord compression differ to cauda equina syndrome?
With Spinal Cord Compression you usually have the lesion betwen T10 - L1 so you get loss of
flexion of lower limbs.
With Cauda Equina Syndrome, the compression is below L2 so you get weakness usually in the
feet and toes.
What is the most electrolyte abnormality if you have someone with headache, nausea,
vomiting and confusion but no bony pain?
Hyponatraemia
What are the indications for emergency dialysis
3 out of 4 of the following:
1. Hyperkalaemia (>7)
2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Pulmonary Oedema
4. Uraemia
30 mins after starting a blood transfusion your patient develops itchiness and fever. Whats
the diagnosis?
Febrile non-haemolytic reaction.
, Page 4 of 269
Within the first 2 mins of starting a blood transfusion, your patient develops SOB, chest pain
and hypotension. Whats the diagnosis?
Haemolytic transfusion reaction
What Budd-Chiari Syndrome?
blockage of the hepatic veins
What is Arnold-Chiari malformation?
Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum.
Presents as vagua neuroligical symptoms e.g. headaches and worsening gait.
What is Von Hippel-Lindau disease?
Its a hereditary condition that predisposes to benign and malignant tumours
What is condition is Antithymocyte globulin used in?
Aplastic Anaemia
What is Chloasma?
well demarcated areas of hyperpigmentation in the face/forehead of pregnant woman.
Generalised weakness, fever, malaise, joint aches, jaundice and markedly deranged liver
function tests on background of risky sexual behaviour?
