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samenvatting neonatologie Ilse Demares (pediatrische zorg 2): problemen van de preterme baby

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dit is een samenvatting neonatologie Ilse Demares (pediatrische zorg 2): problemen van de preterme baby, in de ppt staat nog extra info over NIDCAP, niet in dit document terug te vinden maar in het examen werd hier enkel over gevraagd wat dit was, dus minder belangrijk dan de problemen van de preterme baby

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PROBLEMEN VAN DE PRETERME BABY


1. Onrijpheid van de longen
Morfologisch onvolgroeid structurele longimmaturiteit: vanaf 24w gasuitwisseling
Funtioneel tekortschieten surfactansdeficiëntie Þ stof die oppervlaktespanning van de
longblaasjes verlaagd waardoor ze
bij inademing open blijven
1.1. RDS
= respiratoir distress syndrome
= respiratoir probleem tgv surfactansdeficiëntie

Symptomen 1. Cyanose
2. Tachypneu (normale AH: 40 – 60x/min)
3. Tirage
4. Kreunen
5. Neusvleugelen
Þ tekenen van verhoogde ademarbeid (work of breathing)
Diagnose Bloedgasanalyse
RX – thorax: matglas – aspect
Behandeling 1. Toedienen van surfactans
® traag endotracheaal
® duur product!!
2. Respiratoire ondersteuning: geven van zuurstof
® via neusbril/optiflow/high flow
- 2l tot 8l
- Mixbox: O2 en perslucht (samenstelling door arts voorgeschreven)
- Verwarmd en bevochtigd: anders onderkoeling en uitdroging mucosa
- Via neusbril: mag mac 50% van de neusholte bezetten
- Let op voor toxiciteit! Þ netvliesbeschadiging!!
- 1x/shift losmaken (drukletsel) en reinigen
® via nCPAP
- PEEP (voorkomt dichtvallen longblaasjes) tussen 4 en 6 cmH2O
- Mixbox: O2 en perslucht
- Masker en prong: neus volledig afsluiten
!! Saturatiemeting
® jonger dan 28d PP Þ 87% - 95%
® ouder dan 28d PP Þ 87% - 97%
Foutieve waarden door beweging – RR meting – anemie – inval zonlicht

, 1.2. Onregelmatig ademen
Periodiek ademen tachypneu gevolgd door een AH – stilstand van <20s
Mag bij een gezonde prematuur


Apneu AH – stilstand van >20s met bradycardie (<80sl/min) en cyanose
Vaak bij neonaten <30W; moet geleidelijk verminderen




Stimuleren (tactiel)
Aspireren (enkel bij obstructie!!)
Balloneren
+ zuurstoftherapie & AH – ondersteuning (nCPAP,…)
+ GM: coffeïne/dopram
+ voeding over langere periode toedienen
+ temperatuur behouden

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January 16, 2026
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