CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND
SEROLOGY (QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED)
Study of a host's reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body - ANS -
Immunology
Foreign substances that induce a host response - ANS -Antigens
The condition of being resistant to infection - ANS -Immunity
Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by injecting a more harmless substance- cowpox
from a disease affecting cows - ANS -Edward Jenner
Father of immunology- observed by chance that older bacterial cultures would not cause
diseases in chickens (first attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals - ANS -Louis Pasteur
Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or chemical means) - ANS -Attenuation
Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense - ANS -Phagocytes
specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma cells) that produce antibodies that circulate in
body fluids - ANS -humoral immunity
,Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when exposed to a foreign substance and
they react specifically with that foreign substance - ANS -Antibodies
The individual's ability to resist infection by means of normally present body functions - ANS -
Innate (natural) immunity
Type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial
agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure - ANS -Adaptive immunity
White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key role in both innate and adaptive
immunity - ANS -Leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes - ANS -5 principal types of
leukocytes in peripheral blood
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes - ANS -Innate immune cells in periphery
Lymphocytes - ANS -Adaptive immune cells in periphery
Mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells - ANS -Tissue cell lines
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) - ANS -All blood cells arise from a type of cell
Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid precursors (CLP) - ANS -HSC gives
rise to two distinct types of precursor cells:
,Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes,
Platelets - ANS -The common myeloid precursor gives rise to:
T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell and dendritic cells) - ANS -The
common lymphoid precursor gives rise to:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults - ANS -Neutrophils
Contains antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase, proteinase-3,
cathepsin G, and defensins - ANS -Azurophilic or primary granules
Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, gelatinase, and respiratory burst components - ANS -
secondary granules
Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue - ANS -Diapedesis
chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular direction - ANS -Chemotaxins
1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a nonallergic person - ANS -Eosinophils
Catalase, lysozyme, cytokines (chemical messengers), growth factors, and cationic proteins -
ANS -Eosinophil granules
Attack parasites and toxic proteins and allergic responses. Regulation of mast cell function - ANS
-Role of eosinophils
<1% in peripheral blood
, Short lifespan - ANS -Basophil
histamine, cytokines, growth factors, and heparin - ANS -Basophil granules
Contracts smooth muscle - ANS -Function of histamine
Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B cells to produce IgE - ANS -Basophil function
Largest cells in peripheral blood
4-10% of total circulating WBCs
up to 30h and migrate into tissue to become macrophages - ANS -Monocytes
1- peroxidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase
2- B-glucuronidase, lysozyme, lipase - ANS -Monocytes granules
Tissue monocytes
Contain no peroxidase
Named according to a tissue location
Lifespan- months - ANS -Macrophages
Microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion
cell mediators
Present antigens to T and B cells - ANS -Macrophage role
Released by T lymphocytes during immune response
Chemical messengers which enhance macrophage killing activity - ANS -Cytokines
SEROLOGY (QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED)
Study of a host's reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body - ANS -
Immunology
Foreign substances that induce a host response - ANS -Antigens
The condition of being resistant to infection - ANS -Immunity
Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by injecting a more harmless substance- cowpox
from a disease affecting cows - ANS -Edward Jenner
Father of immunology- observed by chance that older bacterial cultures would not cause
diseases in chickens (first attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals - ANS -Louis Pasteur
Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or chemical means) - ANS -Attenuation
Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense - ANS -Phagocytes
specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma cells) that produce antibodies that circulate in
body fluids - ANS -humoral immunity
,Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when exposed to a foreign substance and
they react specifically with that foreign substance - ANS -Antibodies
The individual's ability to resist infection by means of normally present body functions - ANS -
Innate (natural) immunity
Type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial
agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure - ANS -Adaptive immunity
White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key role in both innate and adaptive
immunity - ANS -Leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes - ANS -5 principal types of
leukocytes in peripheral blood
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes - ANS -Innate immune cells in periphery
Lymphocytes - ANS -Adaptive immune cells in periphery
Mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells - ANS -Tissue cell lines
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) - ANS -All blood cells arise from a type of cell
Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid precursors (CLP) - ANS -HSC gives
rise to two distinct types of precursor cells:
,Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes,
Platelets - ANS -The common myeloid precursor gives rise to:
T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell and dendritic cells) - ANS -The
common lymphoid precursor gives rise to:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults - ANS -Neutrophils
Contains antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase, proteinase-3,
cathepsin G, and defensins - ANS -Azurophilic or primary granules
Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, gelatinase, and respiratory burst components - ANS -
secondary granules
Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue - ANS -Diapedesis
chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular direction - ANS -Chemotaxins
1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a nonallergic person - ANS -Eosinophils
Catalase, lysozyme, cytokines (chemical messengers), growth factors, and cationic proteins -
ANS -Eosinophil granules
Attack parasites and toxic proteins and allergic responses. Regulation of mast cell function - ANS
-Role of eosinophils
<1% in peripheral blood
, Short lifespan - ANS -Basophil
histamine, cytokines, growth factors, and heparin - ANS -Basophil granules
Contracts smooth muscle - ANS -Function of histamine
Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B cells to produce IgE - ANS -Basophil function
Largest cells in peripheral blood
4-10% of total circulating WBCs
up to 30h and migrate into tissue to become macrophages - ANS -Monocytes
1- peroxidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase
2- B-glucuronidase, lysozyme, lipase - ANS -Monocytes granules
Tissue monocytes
Contain no peroxidase
Named according to a tissue location
Lifespan- months - ANS -Macrophages
Microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion
cell mediators
Present antigens to T and B cells - ANS -Macrophage role
Released by T lymphocytes during immune response
Chemical messengers which enhance macrophage killing activity - ANS -Cytokines
