NR 293 Exam 3 Questions and Verified Answers
Rapid acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 15 minutes
- Peak: 1.5 hours
- Duration: 3 hours
- Ex: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Gliulisine (Apidra)
Short acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 30 minutes
- Peak: 3 hours
- Duration: 6 hours
- Ex: Regular (Humulin R), Regular (Novolin R)
Intermediate acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 60 minutes
- Peak: 6 hours
- Duration: 12 hours
- Ex: NPH (Humulin N), NRP (Novolin N)
Long acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 120 minutes
- Duration: 24 hours
- Ex: Detemir (Levamir), Glargine (Lantus)
Therapeutic response anti-diabetic therapy Correct Answer: - fasting blood glucose
70-100 mg/dl
,- hemoglobin A1c < 6.5%
Signs of low blood glucose Correct Answer: - < 70 mg/dl
- confusion
- irritability
- sweating
- give oral glucose (ie. apple juice, candy, etc)
Hemoglobin A1c Correct Answer: - % of blood glucose bound to hemoglobin
- when blood sugar is not controlled it builds up in the blood and binds to
hemoglobin
- provides info on the average level of blood sugar control over the past 2-3 months
Hemoglobin Correct Answer: - oxygen carrying capacity of the blood cells
Hypoglycemia Correct Answer: - If patient becomes unconscious, give IV D50W
(Dextrose 50% and water)
Glucagon IM Correct Answer: - used in emergency at HOME to treat hypoglycemia
from insulin over dose
IV corticosterioids Correct Answer: - can increase glucose levels
Glucocorticoids Correct Answer: - secreted by adrenal glands
- Side effects: Edema, gastric irritation, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis
Type 1 DM Correct Answer: - Pancreas not releasing insulin
, - requires insulin therapy
Insulin therapy Correct Answer: - rotate inj sites to avoid scar tissue which can
inhibit absorption
- when mixing insulin, draw up the 'clear' (ie. regular) into the syringe first
- long acting insulin ie. Detemier (Levemir) and Glargine (Lantus) CANNOT be
mixed as the pH will change and affect absorption rate.
- if a patient has both long acting and regular insulin ordered, do not mix. use two
different syringes.
Basal dosing Correct Answer: - delivers constant dose of insulin
- done with intermediate or long acting insulin
- mimics body's 24-hour release of insulin
- regular insulin can be used for IV insulin drip
Bolus dosing Correct Answer: - based on carb counting
- administer 1-2 units of insulin for every 15g of carbs to be consumed in a meal to
prevent blood glucose spikes
Type 2 DM Correct Answer: - pancreas is releasing insulin but the body is not
utilizing it properly
- oral medications and diet control
Oral anti-diabetic drugs: Biguanides Correct Answer: - Metformin (Glucophage)
- given to decrease production of glucose in the liver
Rapid acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 15 minutes
- Peak: 1.5 hours
- Duration: 3 hours
- Ex: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Gliulisine (Apidra)
Short acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 30 minutes
- Peak: 3 hours
- Duration: 6 hours
- Ex: Regular (Humulin R), Regular (Novolin R)
Intermediate acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 60 minutes
- Peak: 6 hours
- Duration: 12 hours
- Ex: NPH (Humulin N), NRP (Novolin N)
Long acting insulin Correct Answer: - Onset: 120 minutes
- Duration: 24 hours
- Ex: Detemir (Levamir), Glargine (Lantus)
Therapeutic response anti-diabetic therapy Correct Answer: - fasting blood glucose
70-100 mg/dl
,- hemoglobin A1c < 6.5%
Signs of low blood glucose Correct Answer: - < 70 mg/dl
- confusion
- irritability
- sweating
- give oral glucose (ie. apple juice, candy, etc)
Hemoglobin A1c Correct Answer: - % of blood glucose bound to hemoglobin
- when blood sugar is not controlled it builds up in the blood and binds to
hemoglobin
- provides info on the average level of blood sugar control over the past 2-3 months
Hemoglobin Correct Answer: - oxygen carrying capacity of the blood cells
Hypoglycemia Correct Answer: - If patient becomes unconscious, give IV D50W
(Dextrose 50% and water)
Glucagon IM Correct Answer: - used in emergency at HOME to treat hypoglycemia
from insulin over dose
IV corticosterioids Correct Answer: - can increase glucose levels
Glucocorticoids Correct Answer: - secreted by adrenal glands
- Side effects: Edema, gastric irritation, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis
Type 1 DM Correct Answer: - Pancreas not releasing insulin
, - requires insulin therapy
Insulin therapy Correct Answer: - rotate inj sites to avoid scar tissue which can
inhibit absorption
- when mixing insulin, draw up the 'clear' (ie. regular) into the syringe first
- long acting insulin ie. Detemier (Levemir) and Glargine (Lantus) CANNOT be
mixed as the pH will change and affect absorption rate.
- if a patient has both long acting and regular insulin ordered, do not mix. use two
different syringes.
Basal dosing Correct Answer: - delivers constant dose of insulin
- done with intermediate or long acting insulin
- mimics body's 24-hour release of insulin
- regular insulin can be used for IV insulin drip
Bolus dosing Correct Answer: - based on carb counting
- administer 1-2 units of insulin for every 15g of carbs to be consumed in a meal to
prevent blood glucose spikes
Type 2 DM Correct Answer: - pancreas is releasing insulin but the body is not
utilizing it properly
- oral medications and diet control
Oral anti-diabetic drugs: Biguanides Correct Answer: - Metformin (Glucophage)
- given to decrease production of glucose in the liver
