NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC
RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION WALSH
TEST BANK TEST PAPER 2026 EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE SOLVED
ANSWERS
⩥ The high risk infant cont. Answer: other factors associated with high
risk infants
- premature rupture of membrane (infection of fetus)
- premature delivery under 38 weeks
- post maturity delivery over 42 weeks
- meconium in amniotic fluid (aspiration)
- prolapsed cord ( around neck)
- prolonged labor ( longer than 18-24 hours)
- abnormal fetal presentation (breech) feet come out first
⩥ assessment of neonate
Dubowitz socring (most accurate system to estimate babys gestational
age). Answer: tests baby on 11 neuromuscular signs and 10 external
characteristics
,each sign is worth a number of points depending on the assessment of
that charactesitsc
points from each area is then totaled and plotted on a graph which
determines the babys age
areas assessed are: skin thickness, color and transparency, amount of
vernix, plantar creases, posture and muscle tone
normal gestational age is 38-42 weeks
calcuated gestational age can be plotted on a graph along with weight to
determine if the baby is AGA, SGA, LGA
⩥ Vital signs. Answer: new born
- 30-60 rr / 110-160 HR / 50-70 systolic/ 36.5 C temp
infant (1-12 months)
- 20-30 rr / 80-140 HR / 70-100 systolic
toddler (1-3 yrs)
- 20-30 rr/ 80- 130 HR / 80 - 110 systolic
,preschooler 3-5 yrs
- 20-30 rr / 80 - 120 HR/ 80 -110 sys
school age 6-12
- 20-30 rr / 70-110 HR / 80-120 sys
adolescent 13+
- 12-20 rr / 55-105 HR / 110 - 120
⩥ Assessment of neonate
Apgar scoring sytem (high score=good / low score=bad). Answer: Heart
rate (pulse)
- 2= normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1=below 100 beats per minute
0=absent(nopulse
breathing (rate and effort)
- 2=normal rate and effort 1=slow or irregular breathing 0=absent(no
breathing
grimace (responsiveness or reflex irritability)
- 2=pulls away, sneezes, or coughs with stimulation 1=facial movement
only(grimace) with stimulation 0=absent (no response to stimulation
, activity (muscle tone)
- 2=active, spontaneous movement 1= arms and legs flexed with little
movement 0=no movement "floppy tone"
appearance (skin coloration)
- 2=normal color all over (hands and feet pink) 1=normal color(but
hands and feet bluish) 0=bluish grey or pale all over
⩥ Assessment of neonate
APGAR scoring system (This system evaluates the infant's general
condition within 1 to 5 minutes following birth). Answer: areas of
assessment
- heart rate (pulse)
- respiratory effort (rate)
- color (appearance)
- reflex irritability (grimace)
- muscle tone (activity)
the APGAR score is taken at 1 minute after delivery to determine if
immediate intervention is required and again at 5 minutes after birth
⩥ Assessment of neonate
APGAR scoring system (APGAR results). Answer: 1 minute and proper
intervention
RESPIRATORY CARE 5TH EDITION WALSH
TEST BANK TEST PAPER 2026 EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE SOLVED
ANSWERS
⩥ The high risk infant cont. Answer: other factors associated with high
risk infants
- premature rupture of membrane (infection of fetus)
- premature delivery under 38 weeks
- post maturity delivery over 42 weeks
- meconium in amniotic fluid (aspiration)
- prolapsed cord ( around neck)
- prolonged labor ( longer than 18-24 hours)
- abnormal fetal presentation (breech) feet come out first
⩥ assessment of neonate
Dubowitz socring (most accurate system to estimate babys gestational
age). Answer: tests baby on 11 neuromuscular signs and 10 external
characteristics
,each sign is worth a number of points depending on the assessment of
that charactesitsc
points from each area is then totaled and plotted on a graph which
determines the babys age
areas assessed are: skin thickness, color and transparency, amount of
vernix, plantar creases, posture and muscle tone
normal gestational age is 38-42 weeks
calcuated gestational age can be plotted on a graph along with weight to
determine if the baby is AGA, SGA, LGA
⩥ Vital signs. Answer: new born
- 30-60 rr / 110-160 HR / 50-70 systolic/ 36.5 C temp
infant (1-12 months)
- 20-30 rr / 80-140 HR / 70-100 systolic
toddler (1-3 yrs)
- 20-30 rr/ 80- 130 HR / 80 - 110 systolic
,preschooler 3-5 yrs
- 20-30 rr / 80 - 120 HR/ 80 -110 sys
school age 6-12
- 20-30 rr / 70-110 HR / 80-120 sys
adolescent 13+
- 12-20 rr / 55-105 HR / 110 - 120
⩥ Assessment of neonate
Apgar scoring sytem (high score=good / low score=bad). Answer: Heart
rate (pulse)
- 2= normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1=below 100 beats per minute
0=absent(nopulse
breathing (rate and effort)
- 2=normal rate and effort 1=slow or irregular breathing 0=absent(no
breathing
grimace (responsiveness or reflex irritability)
- 2=pulls away, sneezes, or coughs with stimulation 1=facial movement
only(grimace) with stimulation 0=absent (no response to stimulation
, activity (muscle tone)
- 2=active, spontaneous movement 1= arms and legs flexed with little
movement 0=no movement "floppy tone"
appearance (skin coloration)
- 2=normal color all over (hands and feet pink) 1=normal color(but
hands and feet bluish) 0=bluish grey or pale all over
⩥ Assessment of neonate
APGAR scoring system (This system evaluates the infant's general
condition within 1 to 5 minutes following birth). Answer: areas of
assessment
- heart rate (pulse)
- respiratory effort (rate)
- color (appearance)
- reflex irritability (grimace)
- muscle tone (activity)
the APGAR score is taken at 1 minute after delivery to determine if
immediate intervention is required and again at 5 minutes after birth
⩥ Assessment of neonate
APGAR scoring system (APGAR results). Answer: 1 minute and proper
intervention
