GENITO URINARY EXAM 2026/27
PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS - 20 MARKS
1. Which of the following would be appropriate to do in the management of renal calculi?
A. Drinking of 12 to 16 cups of fluids/day
B. Avoid drinking of tea, coffee, wine beer
C. Voiding regularly
D. Encourage pelvic floor exercises
2. The most common microorganism responsible for urinary tract infections is:
A. Escherichia Coli
B. Streptococci
C. Staphylococci
D. Chlamydia trachomatis
3. A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse about the relationship between the disease
and high blood pressure. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “The waste products in your blood interfere with other mechanisms that control blood
pressure.”
B. “Because your kidneys cannot get rid of fluid, your blood pressure goes up.”
C. “This is a compensatory mechanism that increases blood flow through the kidneys in an
effort to get rid of some of the waste products.”
D. “Your damaged kidneys no longer release a hormone that prevents high blood
pressure.”
4. The major adverse effects of diuretics include:
A. Depression, hypokaelaemia
B. Hypokaelaemia, uremia
C. Uremia, impotence
D. Impotence, hypokaelaemia
5. Selective reabsorption is:
A. The means by which unfiltered waste is filtered
B. The filtrate passes through the Bowman’s capsule
C. Filtrate required for maintenance of fluid and electrolytes balance are retained
D. One of the methods of dialysis
6. The nurse correlates increased risk of pyelonephritis in clients with a history of
A. Urinary incontinence
B. Hypertension
, C. Renal calculi
D. Anemia
7. One of the following drugs is a nephrotoxic substance:
A. Ampicillin
B. Allopurinol
C. Gentamycin
D. Ceftriaxone
8. One of the following is a local complication of haemodialysis:
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hypothermia
C. Colic pain
D. Leg cramps
9. One of the following statements is not true of about renal tumours:
A. Many renal tumours produce no symptoms and are discovered on routine examination as a
palpable mass
B. The 1st sign of presence of tumour is painless haematuria
C. Tobacco is the leading cause of all urinary tract cancers
D. Metastasis occurs in advanced stages of disease
10 .The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Glomerulus
B. Nephron
C. Renal calyx
D. Renal medulla
PART 11: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS- 40 MARKS
1. State five (5) functions of the kidneys (5 MARKS)
2. Outline the management of a patient with renal calculi (6 MARKS)
4. Draw and label a diagram showing longitudinal section of a kidney (6 MARKS)
PART 111: LONG ANSWER QUESTION - 40 MARKS
Mr. Figo 46 years old male is reviewed at casualty department with a history of passing urine with
difficulty for the last 5 days. On physical examination and laboratory evaluation a diagnosis of acute
PART 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS - 20 MARKS
1. Which of the following would be appropriate to do in the management of renal calculi?
A. Drinking of 12 to 16 cups of fluids/day
B. Avoid drinking of tea, coffee, wine beer
C. Voiding regularly
D. Encourage pelvic floor exercises
2. The most common microorganism responsible for urinary tract infections is:
A. Escherichia Coli
B. Streptococci
C. Staphylococci
D. Chlamydia trachomatis
3. A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse about the relationship between the disease
and high blood pressure. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “The waste products in your blood interfere with other mechanisms that control blood
pressure.”
B. “Because your kidneys cannot get rid of fluid, your blood pressure goes up.”
C. “This is a compensatory mechanism that increases blood flow through the kidneys in an
effort to get rid of some of the waste products.”
D. “Your damaged kidneys no longer release a hormone that prevents high blood
pressure.”
4. The major adverse effects of diuretics include:
A. Depression, hypokaelaemia
B. Hypokaelaemia, uremia
C. Uremia, impotence
D. Impotence, hypokaelaemia
5. Selective reabsorption is:
A. The means by which unfiltered waste is filtered
B. The filtrate passes through the Bowman’s capsule
C. Filtrate required for maintenance of fluid and electrolytes balance are retained
D. One of the methods of dialysis
6. The nurse correlates increased risk of pyelonephritis in clients with a history of
A. Urinary incontinence
B. Hypertension
, C. Renal calculi
D. Anemia
7. One of the following drugs is a nephrotoxic substance:
A. Ampicillin
B. Allopurinol
C. Gentamycin
D. Ceftriaxone
8. One of the following is a local complication of haemodialysis:
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hypothermia
C. Colic pain
D. Leg cramps
9. One of the following statements is not true of about renal tumours:
A. Many renal tumours produce no symptoms and are discovered on routine examination as a
palpable mass
B. The 1st sign of presence of tumour is painless haematuria
C. Tobacco is the leading cause of all urinary tract cancers
D. Metastasis occurs in advanced stages of disease
10 .The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Glomerulus
B. Nephron
C. Renal calyx
D. Renal medulla
PART 11: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS- 40 MARKS
1. State five (5) functions of the kidneys (5 MARKS)
2. Outline the management of a patient with renal calculi (6 MARKS)
4. Draw and label a diagram showing longitudinal section of a kidney (6 MARKS)
PART 111: LONG ANSWER QUESTION - 40 MARKS
Mr. Figo 46 years old male is reviewed at casualty department with a history of passing urine with
difficulty for the last 5 days. On physical examination and laboratory evaluation a diagnosis of acute
