AP Biology Exam Review UPDATED Study
Guide QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWERS part of eukaryotic cell division during
which the cell nucleus divides
cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWERS division of the cytoplasm during
cell division
chromatids - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two identical "sister"
parts of a duplicated chromosome
centromeres - CORRECT ANSWERS area where the chromatids of a
chromosome are attached
interphase - CORRECT ANSWERS period of the cell cycle between cell
division
cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS series of events that cells go through
as they grow and divide
prophase - CORRECT ANSWERS first and longest phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and
take up positions on the cell's DNA
centrioles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two tiny structures located
in the cytoplasm of animal cels near the nuclear envelope
,spindle - CORRECT ANSWERS fanlike microtubule structure that helps
separate the chromosomes during mitosis
metaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS second phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS the third phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
telophase - CORRECT ANSWERS fourth and final phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
cyclin - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a family of closely related
proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS disorder in which some of the body's
own cells lose the ability to control growth
genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS scientific study of heredity
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS process in sexual reproduction in
which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
true-breeding - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to describe organisms
that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
trait - CORRECT ANSWERS specific characteristic that varies from one
individual to another
,hybrids - CORRECT ANSWERS offspring of crosses between parents
with different traits
genes - CORRECT ANSWERS sequence of DNA that codes for a
protein and thus determines a trait
alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a number of different forms of a
gene
segregation - CORRECT ANSWERS separation of alleles during gamete
formation
gametes - CORRECT ANSWERS specialized cell involved in sexual
reproduction
probability - CORRECT ANSWERS likelihood that a particular event
will occur
punnett square - CORRECT ANSWERS diagram showing the gene
combinations that might result from a genetic cross
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two different alleles for the same trait
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS physical characteristics of an
organism
, genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS genetic makeup of an organism
independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWERS independent
segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which one
allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which both alleles of
a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
multiple alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS three or more alleles of the
same gene
polygenic traits - CORRECT ANSWERS trait controlled by two or more
genes
homologous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-
sex parent
diploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
Guide QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWERS part of eukaryotic cell division during
which the cell nucleus divides
cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWERS division of the cytoplasm during
cell division
chromatids - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two identical "sister"
parts of a duplicated chromosome
centromeres - CORRECT ANSWERS area where the chromatids of a
chromosome are attached
interphase - CORRECT ANSWERS period of the cell cycle between cell
division
cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS series of events that cells go through
as they grow and divide
prophase - CORRECT ANSWERS first and longest phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and
take up positions on the cell's DNA
centrioles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two tiny structures located
in the cytoplasm of animal cels near the nuclear envelope
,spindle - CORRECT ANSWERS fanlike microtubule structure that helps
separate the chromosomes during mitosis
metaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS second phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS the third phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
telophase - CORRECT ANSWERS fourth and final phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
cyclin - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a family of closely related
proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS disorder in which some of the body's
own cells lose the ability to control growth
genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS scientific study of heredity
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS process in sexual reproduction in
which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
true-breeding - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to describe organisms
that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
trait - CORRECT ANSWERS specific characteristic that varies from one
individual to another
,hybrids - CORRECT ANSWERS offspring of crosses between parents
with different traits
genes - CORRECT ANSWERS sequence of DNA that codes for a
protein and thus determines a trait
alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a number of different forms of a
gene
segregation - CORRECT ANSWERS separation of alleles during gamete
formation
gametes - CORRECT ANSWERS specialized cell involved in sexual
reproduction
probability - CORRECT ANSWERS likelihood that a particular event
will occur
punnett square - CORRECT ANSWERS diagram showing the gene
combinations that might result from a genetic cross
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two different alleles for the same trait
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS physical characteristics of an
organism
, genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS genetic makeup of an organism
independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWERS independent
segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which one
allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which both alleles of
a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
multiple alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS three or more alleles of the
same gene
polygenic traits - CORRECT ANSWERS trait controlled by two or more
genes
homologous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-
sex parent
diploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
