NURS 325 Exam 1(2026-2027) NEWEST
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS
Health |Disparities |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Health |disparities |are |differences |in |the |incidence, |
prevalence, |mortality |rate, |and |burden |of |disease |the |exist |among |specific |population |groups
Health |Disparities |can |affect |population |groups |based |on |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |gender
- |Age
- |Ethnicity |and |Race
- |Socioeconomic |status
- |Education
- |Geographic |Location |
-Sexual |Orientation
- |Disability |Status
Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Sexual |Identity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Lesbian |and |Bisexual |
women |have |higher |rates |of |breast |cancer |and |cardiovascular |disease
- |Gay |and |bisexual |men |have |higher |rates |of |HIV |and |viral |hepatitis
Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Gender |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Woman |are |less |likely |to |receive
|procedures |for |cardiovascular |disease |even |though |they |use |more |health |care |services |than |
men
,Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Age |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Older |adults |may |be |less |likely |to |be
|offered |aggressive |treatments |for |medical |problems
Healthcare |Provider |(HCP) |Attitudes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |HCP |attitudes |can |affect |health-
seeking |behaviors |and |are |likely |to |result |in |less |aggressive |or |negative |treatment |practices |
and |delay |in |diagnosis
What |can |nurses |do |to |combat |health |disparities? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Use |evidence |
based |clinical |guidelines
- |Consider |the |health |literacy |level |of |your |patients |when |planning |care |and |treatment, |when |
explaining |medical |recommendations, |and |when |handing |out |written |material
- |Be |sensitive |to |patient |backgrounds |and |cultures
- |Use |translation |services |and |provide |patient |education |in |patient's |language
-Volunteer |with |nonprofit |community |based |agencies
- |Get |involved |at |the |local, |state, |and |national |level |(advocacy |through |professional |
organizations, |public |policy, |etc) |
- |Encourage |workforce |diversity
Disease |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prevention |includes |a |wide |range |of |activities- |
known |as |"interventions" |- |aimed |at |reducing |risks |or |threats |to |health
Disease |Prevention |Stages |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Health |care |workers |describe |three |
categories: |primary, |secondary, |and |tertiary
Primary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |prevent |disease |or |injury |before |it |ever |
occurs. |
- |Done |by |preventing |exposures |to |hazards |that |cause |disease |or |injury, |altering |unhealthy |or |
unsafe |behaviors |that |can |lead |to |disease |or |injury, |and |increasing |resistance |to |disease |or |
injury |should |exposure |occur
,Examples |of |Primary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Legislation |and |enforcement |to |ban
|or |control |the |use |of |hazardous |products |(e.g. |asbestos)
- |Mandate |safe |and |healthy |practices |(use |of |seatbelts |and |bike |helmets)
- |Education |about |healthy |and |safe |habits |(eating |well, |exercise, |not |smoking)
- |Immunization |against |infectious |diseases
Secondary |prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |reduce |the |impact |of |a |disease |or |
injury |that |has |already |occurred. |This |is |done |by |detecting |and |treating |disease |or |injury |as |
soon |as |possible |to |halt |or |slow |its |progress, |encouraging |personal |strategies |to |prevent |
reinjury |or |recurrence, |and |implementing |programs |to |return |people |to |their |original |health |
and |function |to |prevent |long-term |problems.
Secondary |Prevention- |Examples |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Regular |exams, |breast |or |testicular |
self-exams |andscreening |tests |to |detect |disease |in |its |earliest |stages(mammograms |to |detect |
breast |cancer).
- |Maternal |and |child |health |screenings |to |prevent |congenital |malformations.
- |Daily, |low-dose |aspirins |and/or |diet |and |exercise |programs |to |prevent |further |heart |attacks |
or |strokes
- |Suitably |modified |work |so |injured |or |ill |workers |can |return |safely |to |their |jobs
Tertiary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |soften |the |impact |of |an |ongoing |illness |or
|injury |that |has |lasting |effects. |This |is |done |by |helping |people |manage |long-term, |often-
complex |health |problems |and |injuries |(chronic |diseases, |permanent |impairments) |to |improve |
as |much |as |possible |their |ability |to |function, |their |quality |of |life |and |their |life |expectancy.
Tertiary |Prevention- |Examples |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Cardiac |or |stroke |rehabilitation |
programs, |chronic |disease |management |programs |(ex: |diabetes, |arthritis, |depression)•
- |Support |groups |that |allow |members |to |share |strategies |for |living |well
- |Vocational |rehabilitation |programs |to |retrain |workers |for |new |jobs |when |they |have |
recovered |as |much |as |possible.
, Transtheoretical |Model |of |Change |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |theory |to |explain |how |and |why |
adults |learn
Major |Points |of |TMoC |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Learning |occurs |in |steps
Motivational |Interviewing |uses |non |confrontational |interpersonal |communication |techniques.
- |Readiness |for |change |indicates |the |kinds |of |motivational |support |that |are |needed
- |You |should |support |even |the |smallest |efforts |to |change.- |Patients |may |be |discharged |before |
they |are |ready |to |change
Tips |for |Motivational |Interviewing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Listen |rather |than |tell
- |Adjust |to, |rather |than |oppose, |patient |resistance
- |Express |empathy |through |reflective |listening
- |Focus |on |the |positive. |Don't |criticize |the |patient.
- |Gently |persuade |with |the |understanding |that |change |is |up |to |the |patient.
- |Focus |on |the |patient's |strengths |to |support |the |hope |to |make |changes.
- |Avoid |argument |and |direct |confrontation, |which |can |cause |defensiveness |and |a |power |
struggle.
- |Help |the |patient |recognize |the |"gap" |between |where |he |or |she |is |and |where |he |or |she |
hopesto |be
What |are |the |five |steps |of |the |Transtheoretical |Model |of |Change? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |
Precontemplation
2. |Contemplation
3. |Preparation
4. |Action
5. |Maintenance
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS
Health |Disparities |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Health |disparities |are |differences |in |the |incidence, |
prevalence, |mortality |rate, |and |burden |of |disease |the |exist |among |specific |population |groups
Health |Disparities |can |affect |population |groups |based |on |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |gender
- |Age
- |Ethnicity |and |Race
- |Socioeconomic |status
- |Education
- |Geographic |Location |
-Sexual |Orientation
- |Disability |Status
Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Sexual |Identity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Lesbian |and |Bisexual |
women |have |higher |rates |of |breast |cancer |and |cardiovascular |disease
- |Gay |and |bisexual |men |have |higher |rates |of |HIV |and |viral |hepatitis
Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Gender |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Woman |are |less |likely |to |receive
|procedures |for |cardiovascular |disease |even |though |they |use |more |health |care |services |than |
men
,Example |of |Health |Disparity: |Age |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Older |adults |may |be |less |likely |to |be
|offered |aggressive |treatments |for |medical |problems
Healthcare |Provider |(HCP) |Attitudes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |HCP |attitudes |can |affect |health-
seeking |behaviors |and |are |likely |to |result |in |less |aggressive |or |negative |treatment |practices |
and |delay |in |diagnosis
What |can |nurses |do |to |combat |health |disparities? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Use |evidence |
based |clinical |guidelines
- |Consider |the |health |literacy |level |of |your |patients |when |planning |care |and |treatment, |when |
explaining |medical |recommendations, |and |when |handing |out |written |material
- |Be |sensitive |to |patient |backgrounds |and |cultures
- |Use |translation |services |and |provide |patient |education |in |patient's |language
-Volunteer |with |nonprofit |community |based |agencies
- |Get |involved |at |the |local, |state, |and |national |level |(advocacy |through |professional |
organizations, |public |policy, |etc) |
- |Encourage |workforce |diversity
Disease |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prevention |includes |a |wide |range |of |activities- |
known |as |"interventions" |- |aimed |at |reducing |risks |or |threats |to |health
Disease |Prevention |Stages |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Health |care |workers |describe |three |
categories: |primary, |secondary, |and |tertiary
Primary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |prevent |disease |or |injury |before |it |ever |
occurs. |
- |Done |by |preventing |exposures |to |hazards |that |cause |disease |or |injury, |altering |unhealthy |or |
unsafe |behaviors |that |can |lead |to |disease |or |injury, |and |increasing |resistance |to |disease |or |
injury |should |exposure |occur
,Examples |of |Primary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Legislation |and |enforcement |to |ban
|or |control |the |use |of |hazardous |products |(e.g. |asbestos)
- |Mandate |safe |and |healthy |practices |(use |of |seatbelts |and |bike |helmets)
- |Education |about |healthy |and |safe |habits |(eating |well, |exercise, |not |smoking)
- |Immunization |against |infectious |diseases
Secondary |prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |reduce |the |impact |of |a |disease |or |
injury |that |has |already |occurred. |This |is |done |by |detecting |and |treating |disease |or |injury |as |
soon |as |possible |to |halt |or |slow |its |progress, |encouraging |personal |strategies |to |prevent |
reinjury |or |recurrence, |and |implementing |programs |to |return |people |to |their |original |health |
and |function |to |prevent |long-term |problems.
Secondary |Prevention- |Examples |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Regular |exams, |breast |or |testicular |
self-exams |andscreening |tests |to |detect |disease |in |its |earliest |stages(mammograms |to |detect |
breast |cancer).
- |Maternal |and |child |health |screenings |to |prevent |congenital |malformations.
- |Daily, |low-dose |aspirins |and/or |diet |and |exercise |programs |to |prevent |further |heart |attacks |
or |strokes
- |Suitably |modified |work |so |injured |or |ill |workers |can |return |safely |to |their |jobs
Tertiary |Prevention |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-aims |to |soften |the |impact |of |an |ongoing |illness |or
|injury |that |has |lasting |effects. |This |is |done |by |helping |people |manage |long-term, |often-
complex |health |problems |and |injuries |(chronic |diseases, |permanent |impairments) |to |improve |
as |much |as |possible |their |ability |to |function, |their |quality |of |life |and |their |life |expectancy.
Tertiary |Prevention- |Examples |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Cardiac |or |stroke |rehabilitation |
programs, |chronic |disease |management |programs |(ex: |diabetes, |arthritis, |depression)•
- |Support |groups |that |allow |members |to |share |strategies |for |living |well
- |Vocational |rehabilitation |programs |to |retrain |workers |for |new |jobs |when |they |have |
recovered |as |much |as |possible.
, Transtheoretical |Model |of |Change |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |theory |to |explain |how |and |why |
adults |learn
Major |Points |of |TMoC |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Learning |occurs |in |steps
Motivational |Interviewing |uses |non |confrontational |interpersonal |communication |techniques.
- |Readiness |for |change |indicates |the |kinds |of |motivational |support |that |are |needed
- |You |should |support |even |the |smallest |efforts |to |change.- |Patients |may |be |discharged |before |
they |are |ready |to |change
Tips |for |Motivational |Interviewing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |Listen |rather |than |tell
- |Adjust |to, |rather |than |oppose, |patient |resistance
- |Express |empathy |through |reflective |listening
- |Focus |on |the |positive. |Don't |criticize |the |patient.
- |Gently |persuade |with |the |understanding |that |change |is |up |to |the |patient.
- |Focus |on |the |patient's |strengths |to |support |the |hope |to |make |changes.
- |Avoid |argument |and |direct |confrontation, |which |can |cause |defensiveness |and |a |power |
struggle.
- |Help |the |patient |recognize |the |"gap" |between |where |he |or |she |is |and |where |he |or |she |
hopesto |be
What |are |the |five |steps |of |the |Transtheoretical |Model |of |Change? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |
Precontemplation
2. |Contemplation
3. |Preparation
4. |Action
5. |Maintenance
