Test Bank for Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 9th Canadian Edition by Shaffer - Complete All Chapters 1-17 (Latest Edition)

Test Bank for Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 9th Canadian Edition by Shaffer - Complete All Chapters 1-17 (Latest Edition) 1. ____ refers to systematic continuities and changes in an individual that happen over the course of life. a. Randomization b. Metabolism c. Accumulation d. Development ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual NOT: New 2. In the context of this course, development refers to a. growth in the national economy. b. advances in civilization’s technologies. c. continuities and changes during the organism’s lifespan. d. the evolution of species in the animal kingdom. ANS: C DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 3. The assertion that development occurs from “womb to tomb” implies that a. it is a lifelong experience. b. death may precede the organism’s conception. c. nurturance of young is an unavoidable activity. d. maturation and learning are essentially the same. ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 4. Changes during development that are orderly, patterned, and enduring are described as a. systematic. b. immutable. c. randomized. 2 d. self-directed. ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 5. The continuities of development are aspects that a. show abrupt, sudden change with age. b. depend on the organism’s intention. c. regress with age to simpler forms or types. d. remain stable over time or reflect the past. ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 6. Two important processes that underlie developmental changes are a. history and parenting. b. evolution and experience. c. maturation and learning. d. cognition and behavior. ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 7. In the first week after hatchout, chicks improve their accuracy of pecking for seeds, regardless of their visual experience. This reflects development from a. learning. b. maturation. c. cross-sectioning. d. digestion. ANS: B DIF: difficult REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 8. ____ is a process by which our experiences produce relatively permanent changes in our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. a. Maturation b. History c. Accommodation d. Learning ANS: D DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 9. The text especially emphasizes development during ____ of the lifespan. a. childhood and adolescence b. young adulthood c. the senior years 3 d. all ages equally ANS: A DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 10. A researcher videotaped preschoolers at a playground for a study of the frequency of cooperative behaviors. His research goal was a. description. b. explanation. c. changing behavior. d. optimization. ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 11. By specifying how people change over time, the research goal of ____ establishes the facts of development. a. optimization b. longitudinalization c. explanation d. description ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 12. Suppose researchers find that the average American baby begins to stand by itself at the age of 10 months. This finding is related to ____ development. a. psychoanalytic b. ideographic c. nonrepresentative d. normative ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 13. In contrast with well-fed American babies, impoverished babies in rural Africa achieve movement skills at consistently younger average ages. This is an example of research on ____ development. a. optimized b. psychophysical c. the ecological validity of d. normative ANS: D DIF: difficult REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 4 14. The research goal of description is summarized as, a. “How?” b. “Best!” c. “What?” d. “Why?” ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 15. Normative development consists of a. changes that optimize developmental outcomes. b. changes that result from maturation. c. developmental changes that are typical of many children. d. individual variations among children. ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 16. A mother asks her doctor, “Is my baby normal in comparison with her age group?” The mother is concerned with her child’s ____ development. a. normative b. ideographic c. reliability of d. plasticity of ANS: A DIF: easy REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 17. An example of a maturational change would be a. learning how to add numbers. b. learning to speak one’s parents’ language. c. imitating the facial expressions of a cartoon character. d. disappearance of an infant reflex at a predictable age. ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 18. Ideographic development refers to a. changes that occur as a result of maturation. b. changes that most children experience at a specific age. 5 c. changes that are unrelated to development. d. individual variations in patterns of change. ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 19. The research goal of explanation is summarized as, a. “How?” b. “Why?” c. “What?” d. “Best!” ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 20. In the field of developmental psychology, the goal of explanation centers on understanding a. both the similarities and differences that emerge in the development of individuals. b. the typical course of development for most individuals. c. the variations in development that exist between individuals. d. the psychological processes involved in development. ANS: A DIF: difficult REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 21. NORMATIVE DEVELOPMENT is to IDEOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT as ____ is to ____. a. WEAKNESS :: STRENGTH b. HAPPINESS :: SADNESS c. INTENTION :: LUCK d. TYPICAL :: UNIQUE ANS: D DIF: difficult REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 22. The research goal of optimization is summarized as, a. “Best!” b. “Why?” c. “How?” d. “What?” ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual 23. The text’s authors claims that in future decades, developmental researchers will increasingly emphasize ____ goals as they increasingly apply their research findings to solve real problems. a. optimization b. descriptive c. baby biographical d. explanatory ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Factual 6 24. Students who study developmental psychology to learn the practicalities of becoming good parents will be especially interested in the research goals of a. confidentiality. b. optimization. c. ethnography. d. explanation. ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Applied 25. The plasticity principle states that the child a. responds flexibly to changes in his or her life experiences. b. must be trained by parents to avoid consuming plastics. c. progresses predictably through developmental stages. d. asserts his or her individuality and cannot accurately be described by generalizations that apply to all children. ANS: A DIF: moderate REF: Introduction to Developmental Psychology MSC: Conceptual