Medical Surgical Nursing NGN style Questions and Answers
2026/27 RN
100 Questions and Answers
Table of Contents
1. Cardiovascular System o Assessment and Management of
Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders o Hypertension and
Heart Failure: Nursing Interventions o Cardiac Medications:
Pharmacological Management o Managing Postoperative
Cardiac Clients
2. Respiratory System o Respiratory Assessment and Diagnostics
o Management of Clients with COPD and Asthma o Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Nursing Care o
Oxygen Therapy and Ventilation Support
3. Gastrointestinal System o Gastrointestinal Assessment and
Diagnostic Procedures o Management of Clients with GI Bleeds
and Ulcers o Postoperative Care for GI Surgeries o Nutritional
Support and Enteral Feeding
4. Endocrine System o Diabetes Mellitus: Nursing Care and
Management o Thyroid and Adrenal Disorders: Assessment and
Care o Pharmacology for Endocrine Disorders o Complications
of Diabetes and Emergency Interventions
5. Renal and Urinary System o Assessment of Renal Function and
Diagnostics o Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease: Nursing
Management
o Urinary Tract Infections and Catheter Care o Fluid and
Electrolyte Imbalances: Identification and Management
,6. Neurological System o Neurological Assessment and
Monitoring o Stroke: Acute and Long-Term Nursing Care o
Seizure Management and Safety Precautions o Pharmacological
Management of Neurological Disorders
7. Musculoskeletal System o Musculoskeletal Assessment and
Mobility o Fracture Management and Postoperative Care o
Osteoporosis and Arthritis: Nursing Interventions o Pain
Management and Rehabilitation Strategies
8. Hematological and Immune System o Blood Disorders:
Assessment and Nursing Care o Blood Transfusion Reactions:
Prevention and Management o Nursing Care for Clients with
Immune Disorders o Pharmacology for Hematological
Conditions
9. Integumentary System o Wound Care and Pressure Ulcer
Prevention o Burns: Nursing Assessment and Management o
Dermatological Conditions: Nursing Interventions o
Postoperative Skin Care and Infection Control
10. Oncology and Palliative Care o Nursing Care for Clients with
Cancer o Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Side Effects
Management o Pain Management in Oncology Clients o
Palliative Care and End-of-Life Considerations
11. Perioperative Nursing Care o Preoperative Assessment and
Client Education o Intraoperative Nursing Roles and
Responsibilities
o Postoperative Care: Complications and Interventions o
Pain Management in Surgical Clients
12. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance o Assessing and
Managing Fluid Volume Deficits and Excesses o Electrolyte
Imbalances: Recognition and Treatment o Acid-Base
, Imbalances: Nursing Interventions o IV Fluid Administration and
Safety Considerations
13. Infection Control and Safety o Standard and Transmission-
Based Precautions o Nursing Care for Clients with Infections o
Medication Management for Infectious Diseases o Antibiotic
Stewardship and Nursing Implications
14. Pharmacology in Medical-Surgical Nursing o Safe Medication
Administration and Monitoring o Managing Side Effects and
Adverse Reactions o Patient Education on Medications o Drug
Interactions and Contraindications in the Medical-Surgical
Setting
15. Psychosocial Integrity in Medical-Surgical Nursing o
Therapeutic Communication with Clients and Families o
Managing Anxiety and Stress in Hospitalized Clients o Coping
Mechanisms and Patient Education o Ethical and Legal
Considerations in Medical-Surgical Nursing
16. Answer Key and Rationales o Comprehensive Answer Key for
All Chapters o Detailed Rationales for Correct and Incorrect
Answers o Review and Reflective Questions for Self-Assessment
100 Questions with Verified and Explained Answers
1. Cardiovascular System
1.1. Case Study: Heart Failure Management
Scenario: A 68-year-old client with a history of heart failure is admitted with worsening dyspnea
and lower extremity edema. The client has gained 5 pounds in the past week.
• Question 1: "What is the nurse's priority intervention?" o Options:
Administer prescribed furosemide (Lasix). (Correct Answer)
Encourage fluid intake.
, Monitor the client's intake and output once per shift.
Instruct the client to elevate the head of the bed.
Rationale: Administering a diuretic like furosemide is a priority intervention to reduce fluid
overload in heart failure, alleviating symptoms such as dyspnea and edema.
1.2. Matrix/Grid: Cardiac Medications
Scenario: A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client with a history of myocardial
infarction (MI).
• Question 2: "Match each cardiac medication with its appropriate
nursing intervention." o Matrix:
Medications:
Beta-blockers - Monitor heart rate and blood pressure before
administration. (Correct Answer)
ACE inhibitors - Assess for signs of angioedema. (Correct Answer)
Nitroglycerin - Monitor for headache and hypotension. (Correct
Answer)
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bradycardia and hypotension; ACE inhibitors can cause
angioedema, and nitroglycerin can lead to headaches and hypotension.
2. Respiratory System
2.1. Highlight Text: Oxygen Therapy
Scenario: A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who
is receiving oxygen therapy.
Question 3: "Highlight the key points the nurse should include in the teaching
about home oxygen use." o Text:
Use the oxygen as prescribed, typically at 1-2 L/min. (Correct Answer)
, Increase the oxygen flow rate if shortness of breath worsens without
consulting the provider.
Keep the oxygen equipment at least 5 feet away from open flames.
(Correct Answer)
Do not use oxygen while sleeping.
Rationale: Clients with COPD are at risk for oxygen toxicity, and maintaining low oxygen flow
rates as prescribed is essential. Oxygen should be kept away from open flames to prevent fire
hazards.
3. Gastrointestinal System
3.1. Case Study: Postoperative GI Surgery
Scenario: A client who had a bowel resection 2 days ago has absent bowel sounds and reports
nausea.
Question 4: "What is the nurse's priority
intervention?" o Options:
Keep the client NPO and notify the healthcare provider. (Correct
Answer)
Encourage oral fluids.
Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
Ambulate the client to stimulate peristalsis.
Rationale: Absent bowel sounds and nausea in a postoperative client may indicate a paralytic
ileus. The client should be kept NPO until further evaluation by the healthcare provider.
4. Endocrine System
4.1. Cloze (Drop-Down): Managing Hypoglycemia
Scenario: A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 58 mg/dL.
2026/27 RN
100 Questions and Answers
Table of Contents
1. Cardiovascular System o Assessment and Management of
Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders o Hypertension and
Heart Failure: Nursing Interventions o Cardiac Medications:
Pharmacological Management o Managing Postoperative
Cardiac Clients
2. Respiratory System o Respiratory Assessment and Diagnostics
o Management of Clients with COPD and Asthma o Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Nursing Care o
Oxygen Therapy and Ventilation Support
3. Gastrointestinal System o Gastrointestinal Assessment and
Diagnostic Procedures o Management of Clients with GI Bleeds
and Ulcers o Postoperative Care for GI Surgeries o Nutritional
Support and Enteral Feeding
4. Endocrine System o Diabetes Mellitus: Nursing Care and
Management o Thyroid and Adrenal Disorders: Assessment and
Care o Pharmacology for Endocrine Disorders o Complications
of Diabetes and Emergency Interventions
5. Renal and Urinary System o Assessment of Renal Function and
Diagnostics o Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease: Nursing
Management
o Urinary Tract Infections and Catheter Care o Fluid and
Electrolyte Imbalances: Identification and Management
,6. Neurological System o Neurological Assessment and
Monitoring o Stroke: Acute and Long-Term Nursing Care o
Seizure Management and Safety Precautions o Pharmacological
Management of Neurological Disorders
7. Musculoskeletal System o Musculoskeletal Assessment and
Mobility o Fracture Management and Postoperative Care o
Osteoporosis and Arthritis: Nursing Interventions o Pain
Management and Rehabilitation Strategies
8. Hematological and Immune System o Blood Disorders:
Assessment and Nursing Care o Blood Transfusion Reactions:
Prevention and Management o Nursing Care for Clients with
Immune Disorders o Pharmacology for Hematological
Conditions
9. Integumentary System o Wound Care and Pressure Ulcer
Prevention o Burns: Nursing Assessment and Management o
Dermatological Conditions: Nursing Interventions o
Postoperative Skin Care and Infection Control
10. Oncology and Palliative Care o Nursing Care for Clients with
Cancer o Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Side Effects
Management o Pain Management in Oncology Clients o
Palliative Care and End-of-Life Considerations
11. Perioperative Nursing Care o Preoperative Assessment and
Client Education o Intraoperative Nursing Roles and
Responsibilities
o Postoperative Care: Complications and Interventions o
Pain Management in Surgical Clients
12. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance o Assessing and
Managing Fluid Volume Deficits and Excesses o Electrolyte
Imbalances: Recognition and Treatment o Acid-Base
, Imbalances: Nursing Interventions o IV Fluid Administration and
Safety Considerations
13. Infection Control and Safety o Standard and Transmission-
Based Precautions o Nursing Care for Clients with Infections o
Medication Management for Infectious Diseases o Antibiotic
Stewardship and Nursing Implications
14. Pharmacology in Medical-Surgical Nursing o Safe Medication
Administration and Monitoring o Managing Side Effects and
Adverse Reactions o Patient Education on Medications o Drug
Interactions and Contraindications in the Medical-Surgical
Setting
15. Psychosocial Integrity in Medical-Surgical Nursing o
Therapeutic Communication with Clients and Families o
Managing Anxiety and Stress in Hospitalized Clients o Coping
Mechanisms and Patient Education o Ethical and Legal
Considerations in Medical-Surgical Nursing
16. Answer Key and Rationales o Comprehensive Answer Key for
All Chapters o Detailed Rationales for Correct and Incorrect
Answers o Review and Reflective Questions for Self-Assessment
100 Questions with Verified and Explained Answers
1. Cardiovascular System
1.1. Case Study: Heart Failure Management
Scenario: A 68-year-old client with a history of heart failure is admitted with worsening dyspnea
and lower extremity edema. The client has gained 5 pounds in the past week.
• Question 1: "What is the nurse's priority intervention?" o Options:
Administer prescribed furosemide (Lasix). (Correct Answer)
Encourage fluid intake.
, Monitor the client's intake and output once per shift.
Instruct the client to elevate the head of the bed.
Rationale: Administering a diuretic like furosemide is a priority intervention to reduce fluid
overload in heart failure, alleviating symptoms such as dyspnea and edema.
1.2. Matrix/Grid: Cardiac Medications
Scenario: A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client with a history of myocardial
infarction (MI).
• Question 2: "Match each cardiac medication with its appropriate
nursing intervention." o Matrix:
Medications:
Beta-blockers - Monitor heart rate and blood pressure before
administration. (Correct Answer)
ACE inhibitors - Assess for signs of angioedema. (Correct Answer)
Nitroglycerin - Monitor for headache and hypotension. (Correct
Answer)
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bradycardia and hypotension; ACE inhibitors can cause
angioedema, and nitroglycerin can lead to headaches and hypotension.
2. Respiratory System
2.1. Highlight Text: Oxygen Therapy
Scenario: A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who
is receiving oxygen therapy.
Question 3: "Highlight the key points the nurse should include in the teaching
about home oxygen use." o Text:
Use the oxygen as prescribed, typically at 1-2 L/min. (Correct Answer)
, Increase the oxygen flow rate if shortness of breath worsens without
consulting the provider.
Keep the oxygen equipment at least 5 feet away from open flames.
(Correct Answer)
Do not use oxygen while sleeping.
Rationale: Clients with COPD are at risk for oxygen toxicity, and maintaining low oxygen flow
rates as prescribed is essential. Oxygen should be kept away from open flames to prevent fire
hazards.
3. Gastrointestinal System
3.1. Case Study: Postoperative GI Surgery
Scenario: A client who had a bowel resection 2 days ago has absent bowel sounds and reports
nausea.
Question 4: "What is the nurse's priority
intervention?" o Options:
Keep the client NPO and notify the healthcare provider. (Correct
Answer)
Encourage oral fluids.
Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
Ambulate the client to stimulate peristalsis.
Rationale: Absent bowel sounds and nausea in a postoperative client may indicate a paralytic
ileus. The client should be kept NPO until further evaluation by the healthcare provider.
4. Endocrine System
4.1. Cloze (Drop-Down): Managing Hypoglycemia
Scenario: A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 58 mg/dL.
