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SECTION 1: Foundations of Information Systems
Competency Focus: C724 Competency 1.1-1.4 – Identify components of IS, distinguish
data types, recognize system categories
Q1: Which layer of an enterprise system architecture is PRIMARILY responsible for
enforcing business rules such as "an order cannot exceed a customer's credit limit"?
A. Presentation layer
B. Application (business-logic) layer
C. Data-access layer
D. Infrastructure layer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competency C724 1.1 – Describe the three-tier architecture pattern.
The application/business-logic layer contains the workflows and rules that govern how
data can be processed; credit checks are business rules, not interface cosmetics (A),
storage logic (C) or hardware (D).
Q2 (Select all that apply): Which items describe structured data? (Choose 3)
A. Resides in fixed columns/fields
B. Conforms to a pre-defined schema
, C. Easily queried with SQL
D. Twitter feed comments
E. MRI image files
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: Competency C724 1.2 – Differentiate structured vs unstructured data.
A-C are hallmarks of structured data. D & E are classic unstructured examples (free text,
binary blobs).
Q3: A hospital stores patient vital signs in a NoSQL document database and radiology
images in an object store. What requirement drove this hybrid decision?
A. Need for ACID transactions on every byte
B. Varied data velocity, volume, and variety
C. Regulatory ban on relational systems
D. Lower software licensing costs only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competency C724 1.3 – Explain big-data characteristics (3 V’s).
Vital signs arrive rapidly (velocity), images are large binary objects (volume & variety);
NoSQL/object stores scale better for these attributes than a single RDBMS.
Q4: In the context of IT value, "network externality" refers to:
A. The cost of maintaining network hardware
B. Increased utility to each user as more users join the same platform