WGU D027 Course Material Questions
2025/2026 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Which of the following is not a cellular function? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete
waste and by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue
offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e. combustion) are generally
metaphorical.
What are mitochondria responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Energy
production -
,Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible
for the major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increased
lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the
movement and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased
plasma pressure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased
lymphatic pressure will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage
into third spaces (i.e. edema).
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two
daughter cells after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the
longest period that a cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage
before cellular reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic
materials to the opposing centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Serum K decreases to less
than 3.5 -
,Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-
5.5 mEq/L, with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the
laboratory testing, age, and other potential patient-specific conditions and
variations. Alterations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement
alone do not necessarily contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue,
while hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue
without a change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge
(hypertrophy) in response to increased work or stress from exercise or
increased cardiovascular pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is
removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of regeneration to repair
itself creating more cells (hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must
both grow to create more cells and enlarge those existing cells in
preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to
affect the kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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, What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving
from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid.
Iso- or normotonic states are a balanced state between intra- and
extracellular fluid volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the
cell to increase the ECF above normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the
purpose of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial
blood finds that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less
than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Translation -
2025/2026 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Which of the following is not a cellular function? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete
waste and by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue
offspring. Pyrotechnic processes (i.e. combustion) are generally
metaphorical.
What are mitochondria responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Energy
production -
,Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible
for the major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
Which if the following can cause edema? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increased
lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the
movement and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased
plasma pressure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased
lymphatic pressure will readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage
into third spaces (i.e. edema).
Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two
daughter cells after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the
longest period that a cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage
before cellular reproduction. Anaphase is the separation of genetic
materials to the opposing centromeres of the cell, followed by telophase.
What indicates hypokalemia? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Serum K decreases to less
than 3.5 -
,Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-
5.5 mEq/L, with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the
laboratory testing, age, and other potential patient-specific conditions and
variations. Alterations in fluid volume or the administration of a supplement
alone do not necessarily contribute to the development of hypokalemia.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue,
while hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue
without a change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge
(hypertrophy) in response to increased work or stress from exercise or
increased cardiovascular pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is
removed, it is the one internal solid organ capable of regeneration to repair
itself creating more cells (hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must
both grow to create more cells and enlarge those existing cells in
preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to
affect the kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving
from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid.
Iso- or normotonic states are a balanced state between intra- and
extracellular fluid volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the
cell to increase the ECF above normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the
purpose of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial
blood finds that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less
than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Translation -
