Urinalysis EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
First morning specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Most concentrated, most acidic
Formed elements more stable
Random specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Used for most routine urinalysis
Timed specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually for 24 hours
Measures things with circadian variation such as hormones, creatinine clearance,
GFR
Routine void technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Acceptable for routine urinalysis
Midstream technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Ideal, best used for urine culture
Reduces possibility of contamination
Pediatric technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Use plastic collection bags with skin
adhesive
,Check every 15 minutes
Many possible sources of contamination
Suprapubic aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER-For bug cultures, especially
anaerobes
Also for infants when contamination not an option
Routine Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Clear plastic, disposable,
leak-proof, 50-100 mL
Midstream Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Disposable, sterile,
individually packaged
24-hour Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Brown-opaque plastic, 3000
mL with preservatives (i.e. HCl)
Random specimen preservation - CORRECT ANSWER-Fridge up to 24 hours
Do not fridge if testing within 2 hours (amorphous crystals will precipitate)
24-hour specimen preservation - CORRECT ANSWER-Fridge throughout
collection period
If preservatives added, no good for routine analysis
Sediment preservative for urine - CORRECT ANSWER-Formalin
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, Effect on urine clarity if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Becomes more turbid as
bugs proliferate
Effect on urine pH if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases as bugs
decompose urea to ammonia
Effect on urine glucose if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases as cells and
bugs use it up
Effect on urine ketones if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases as bugs
destroy acetoacetic acid and/or volatilize acetone
Effect on urine bilirubin if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases due to
oxidation to bilverdin and/or hydrolysis of unconjugated form
Effect on urine urobilinogen if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases due to
oxidation to urobilin
Effect on urine nitrite if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Variable. Bugs will
produce it, but it can also be converted to N2 gas
Effect on urine RBCs/WBCs if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased due to
disintergration, especially if the sample is alkaline
Criteria for urine specimen rejection - CORRECT ANSWER-NSQ, inappropriate
specimen type, visibly contaminated, incorrect preservative, leaky container,
requisition incomplete
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
First morning specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Most concentrated, most acidic
Formed elements more stable
Random specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Used for most routine urinalysis
Timed specimen - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually for 24 hours
Measures things with circadian variation such as hormones, creatinine clearance,
GFR
Routine void technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Acceptable for routine urinalysis
Midstream technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Ideal, best used for urine culture
Reduces possibility of contamination
Pediatric technique - CORRECT ANSWER-Use plastic collection bags with skin
adhesive
,Check every 15 minutes
Many possible sources of contamination
Suprapubic aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER-For bug cultures, especially
anaerobes
Also for infants when contamination not an option
Routine Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Clear plastic, disposable,
leak-proof, 50-100 mL
Midstream Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Disposable, sterile,
individually packaged
24-hour Collection container - CORRECT ANSWER-Brown-opaque plastic, 3000
mL with preservatives (i.e. HCl)
Random specimen preservation - CORRECT ANSWER-Fridge up to 24 hours
Do not fridge if testing within 2 hours (amorphous crystals will precipitate)
24-hour specimen preservation - CORRECT ANSWER-Fridge throughout
collection period
If preservatives added, no good for routine analysis
Sediment preservative for urine - CORRECT ANSWER-Formalin
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, Effect on urine clarity if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Becomes more turbid as
bugs proliferate
Effect on urine pH if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Increases as bugs
decompose urea to ammonia
Effect on urine glucose if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases as cells and
bugs use it up
Effect on urine ketones if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases as bugs
destroy acetoacetic acid and/or volatilize acetone
Effect on urine bilirubin if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases due to
oxidation to bilverdin and/or hydrolysis of unconjugated form
Effect on urine urobilinogen if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreases due to
oxidation to urobilin
Effect on urine nitrite if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Variable. Bugs will
produce it, but it can also be converted to N2 gas
Effect on urine RBCs/WBCs if left out - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased due to
disintergration, especially if the sample is alkaline
Criteria for urine specimen rejection - CORRECT ANSWER-NSQ, inappropriate
specimen type, visibly contaminated, incorrect preservative, leaky container,
requisition incomplete
