MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 3RD EDITION
BUCKINGHAM TEST BANK EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
⩥ nucleotide. Answer: a nucleic acid with a phosphorylated ribose sugar
and a nitrogen base, triphosphate
⩥ nuclein. Answer: viscous substance isolated from nuclei, discovered
by Miescher and later found to be DNA
⩥ nitrogen base. Answer: a carbon-nitrogen ring structure that is part of
a nucleoside
⩥ deoxyribose. Answer: ribose without a hydroxyl group on the carbon
in position 2 on the sugar ring, with a hydroxyl group on the third carbon
which is important for phosphodester bond formation
⩥ The. sequence is the ________ of nucleotides.. Answer: order
⩥ nucleoside. Answer: ribose sugar (unphosphorylated sugar) +
nitrogenous base, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
,⩥ purine. Answer: adenine, guanine (think Ag gold is pure, still has ring
formation) double ring structure
⩥ pyrimidine. Answer: cytosine, uracil, thymine (think CUT, ring
structure has been "cut") single-ring
⩥ Does adenine thymine pairing or cytosine guanine pairing have three
hydrogen bonds?. Answer: cytosine + guanine (think c&g closer in
alphabet, closer in space)
⩥ Which carbon on the deoxy ribose sugar forms a phosphodiester
bond? Which catbon is the phosphate group attached to? What is this
process called?. Answer: the third carbon, the fifth carbon, DNA
polymerization
⩥ What is the difference between B-form, A-form, and Z-form DNA?.
Answer: B- hydrated, 10.5 steps, right handed
A- dehydrated, 11 steps, right handed
Z- torsional stress, 12 steps, left handed
⩥ What is the directionality of DNA? What is the directionality of the
complementary strand? What is the orientation of DNA?. Answer: 5' to
3', 3' to 5', antiparallel
, ⩥ hybridization. Answer: formation of hydrogen bonds between two
strands of DNA
⩥ Will single strands of DNA with identical sequences hybridize?.
Answer: No, due to antiparallel orientation of DNA
⩥ denaturing agents. Answer: formamide, urea, mercaptoethanol,
displace hydrogen bonds and separate two DNA strands
⩥ major groove and minor groove. Answer: two phosphate sugar
backbones arranged as specific distances from each other, site of
interaction with proteins or recognition sites
⩥ DNA synthesis occurs in which direction?. Answer: 5'-->3'
⩥ DNA polymerase reads the template strand in which direction?.
Answer: 3' to 5'
⩥ What replication model describes the key to maintaining the sequence
of nucleotides in DNA through new generations?. Answer: semi-
conservative model of DNA replication
⩥ Does the leading strand or lagging strand have Okazaki fragments?.
Answer: lagging strand because DNA polymerase reads in the 3'-->5'
BUCKINGHAM TEST BANK EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
⩥ nucleotide. Answer: a nucleic acid with a phosphorylated ribose sugar
and a nitrogen base, triphosphate
⩥ nuclein. Answer: viscous substance isolated from nuclei, discovered
by Miescher and later found to be DNA
⩥ nitrogen base. Answer: a carbon-nitrogen ring structure that is part of
a nucleoside
⩥ deoxyribose. Answer: ribose without a hydroxyl group on the carbon
in position 2 on the sugar ring, with a hydroxyl group on the third carbon
which is important for phosphodester bond formation
⩥ The. sequence is the ________ of nucleotides.. Answer: order
⩥ nucleoside. Answer: ribose sugar (unphosphorylated sugar) +
nitrogenous base, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
,⩥ purine. Answer: adenine, guanine (think Ag gold is pure, still has ring
formation) double ring structure
⩥ pyrimidine. Answer: cytosine, uracil, thymine (think CUT, ring
structure has been "cut") single-ring
⩥ Does adenine thymine pairing or cytosine guanine pairing have three
hydrogen bonds?. Answer: cytosine + guanine (think c&g closer in
alphabet, closer in space)
⩥ Which carbon on the deoxy ribose sugar forms a phosphodiester
bond? Which catbon is the phosphate group attached to? What is this
process called?. Answer: the third carbon, the fifth carbon, DNA
polymerization
⩥ What is the difference between B-form, A-form, and Z-form DNA?.
Answer: B- hydrated, 10.5 steps, right handed
A- dehydrated, 11 steps, right handed
Z- torsional stress, 12 steps, left handed
⩥ What is the directionality of DNA? What is the directionality of the
complementary strand? What is the orientation of DNA?. Answer: 5' to
3', 3' to 5', antiparallel
, ⩥ hybridization. Answer: formation of hydrogen bonds between two
strands of DNA
⩥ Will single strands of DNA with identical sequences hybridize?.
Answer: No, due to antiparallel orientation of DNA
⩥ denaturing agents. Answer: formamide, urea, mercaptoethanol,
displace hydrogen bonds and separate two DNA strands
⩥ major groove and minor groove. Answer: two phosphate sugar
backbones arranged as specific distances from each other, site of
interaction with proteins or recognition sites
⩥ DNA synthesis occurs in which direction?. Answer: 5'-->3'
⩥ DNA polymerase reads the template strand in which direction?.
Answer: 3' to 5'
⩥ What replication model describes the key to maintaining the sequence
of nucleotides in DNA through new generations?. Answer: semi-
conservative model of DNA replication
⩥ Does the leading strand or lagging strand have Okazaki fragments?.
Answer: lagging strand because DNA polymerase reads in the 3'-->5'
