ANSC 4395 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is Animal Breeding - Answers -Scientific field that uses the principles of genetics
to aid in the improvement of livestock.
What are the 3 classes of cattle? - Answers -British
American
Exotics- usually European
Who is Robert Bakewell? - Answers -"Father of Animal Breeding"
- Leased out Bulls
What did Robert Bakewell not hesitate to mate? - Answers -"best to the best" with little
regard to ancestry. Not afraid to inbreed.
What was one of the first organized breeds of livestock in 1580? - Answers -Shorthorns
Who is Gregor Mendel? - Answers -He established basic genetic principles that are still
accepted today.
What did Gregor Mendel study? - Answers -The genetics of the garden pea.
Population Genetics - Answers -Branch of genetics which deals with the factors that
affect the genetic structure of populations.
*what % of alleles and genotypes*
What two guys were involved with population genetics? - Answers -1. Dr. Sewell Wright
2. Sir Ronald Fisher
Dr. Wright did research with who? - Answers -USDA and then later at the University of
Chicago
Worked at the Rothamstead Experiment Station in Great Britain. - Answers -Dr. Fisher
Dr. Jay Lush - Answers -"Father of MODERN animal breeding"
*established a formal theoretical framework to the science of animal breeding*
Dr. Jay Lush established what principles? - Answers -The principles of selection, the
use of inbreeding to conserve genes of some individuals, and crossbreeding systems to
take advantage of HYBRID VIGOR.
During the last 30 or 40 years, the use of what has greatly enhanced the potential for
genetic change? - Answers -Computers/ technology
, Artificial Insemination and embryo transfer have allowed for what? - Answers -Faster
progeny testing and selection has become much more efficient.
What is the primary goal of animal breeders? - Answers -Identify animals with desirable
genes and increase the frequency of those genes.
*they want a bunch, they're the ones they select to be parents to pass on the good
genes*
What is the best animal? - Answers --Lab- Show winner or best retriever
-Cattle- cutability/% muscle (limousin) or quality grade (angus)
-Dairy Cattle- most milk or best udder, feet and legs.
**all depends on what they want as "best"**
In the 50-60s how were cattle bred? - Answers -Short/stubby
How were cattle bred in the 80s? - Answers -tall, large
How are cattle bred today? - Answers -Moderate (between)
How do you breed an animal so offspring will be the best or better than the parents? -
Answers --Selection-want genetic improvement, identify best animals and breed those.
-Genetic principles
-Animal breeding technologies
Systems Approach - Answers -More OBJECTIVE means of determining the best
animal.
Systems Approach requires what? - Answers -A detailed knowledge of importance and
how performance in these traits interact with such factors as the ENVIORNMENT,
MANAGEMENT POLICIES, COSTS, and REVENUES.
System - Answers -a group of interdependent component parts.
*use when selecting best genetics*
Example of systems- Consider the system that is a single ranch: - Answers -
Components: animals (genotypes), physical environment, fixed resources,
management, and economics.
*Systems Approach*
Animal- - Answers -Characteristic genotype(s), may be more than one.
- Small size, low feed intake, low production, high milkfat. (not much to maintain)-*low
lbs --> high dairy*
What is Animal Breeding - Answers -Scientific field that uses the principles of genetics
to aid in the improvement of livestock.
What are the 3 classes of cattle? - Answers -British
American
Exotics- usually European
Who is Robert Bakewell? - Answers -"Father of Animal Breeding"
- Leased out Bulls
What did Robert Bakewell not hesitate to mate? - Answers -"best to the best" with little
regard to ancestry. Not afraid to inbreed.
What was one of the first organized breeds of livestock in 1580? - Answers -Shorthorns
Who is Gregor Mendel? - Answers -He established basic genetic principles that are still
accepted today.
What did Gregor Mendel study? - Answers -The genetics of the garden pea.
Population Genetics - Answers -Branch of genetics which deals with the factors that
affect the genetic structure of populations.
*what % of alleles and genotypes*
What two guys were involved with population genetics? - Answers -1. Dr. Sewell Wright
2. Sir Ronald Fisher
Dr. Wright did research with who? - Answers -USDA and then later at the University of
Chicago
Worked at the Rothamstead Experiment Station in Great Britain. - Answers -Dr. Fisher
Dr. Jay Lush - Answers -"Father of MODERN animal breeding"
*established a formal theoretical framework to the science of animal breeding*
Dr. Jay Lush established what principles? - Answers -The principles of selection, the
use of inbreeding to conserve genes of some individuals, and crossbreeding systems to
take advantage of HYBRID VIGOR.
During the last 30 or 40 years, the use of what has greatly enhanced the potential for
genetic change? - Answers -Computers/ technology
, Artificial Insemination and embryo transfer have allowed for what? - Answers -Faster
progeny testing and selection has become much more efficient.
What is the primary goal of animal breeders? - Answers -Identify animals with desirable
genes and increase the frequency of those genes.
*they want a bunch, they're the ones they select to be parents to pass on the good
genes*
What is the best animal? - Answers --Lab- Show winner or best retriever
-Cattle- cutability/% muscle (limousin) or quality grade (angus)
-Dairy Cattle- most milk or best udder, feet and legs.
**all depends on what they want as "best"**
In the 50-60s how were cattle bred? - Answers -Short/stubby
How were cattle bred in the 80s? - Answers -tall, large
How are cattle bred today? - Answers -Moderate (between)
How do you breed an animal so offspring will be the best or better than the parents? -
Answers --Selection-want genetic improvement, identify best animals and breed those.
-Genetic principles
-Animal breeding technologies
Systems Approach - Answers -More OBJECTIVE means of determining the best
animal.
Systems Approach requires what? - Answers -A detailed knowledge of importance and
how performance in these traits interact with such factors as the ENVIORNMENT,
MANAGEMENT POLICIES, COSTS, and REVENUES.
System - Answers -a group of interdependent component parts.
*use when selecting best genetics*
Example of systems- Consider the system that is a single ranch: - Answers -
Components: animals (genotypes), physical environment, fixed resources,
management, and economics.
*Systems Approach*
Animal- - Answers -Characteristic genotype(s), may be more than one.
- Small size, low feed intake, low production, high milkfat. (not much to maintain)-*low
lbs --> high dairy*
