AWWA CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL
SPECIALIST FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
RESPONSE SET GRADED A+
◉ Submerged inlet. Answer: An arrangement of pipes, fitting, or
devices that introduces water into a non-potable system below the
flood-level rim of a receptacle.
◉ Survival time. Answer: The amount of time which a biological
agent survives in the distribution system
◉ Temporary cross-connection. Answer: A link between the potable
water supply and any other non-potable system created with
removable sections, swivel or change-over devices, garden hoses,
and other non-permanent methods
◉ Test cock. Answer: An appurtenance on an assembly or valve used
when testing the assembly.
◉ Thermal expansion. Answer: The increase in pressure in a closed
water system due to heating and expanding water.
,◉ Toxicity. Answer: Refers to the poisonous nature of a chemical and
varies widely
◉ Unprotected cross-connection. Answer: A cross-connection
between a potable and a non-potable system where inadequate
methods are provided to prevent backflow.
◉ Venturi Effect (Bernoulli's Principle). Answer: Caused by water
traveling at high velocity past or through a small opening. When the
velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low. (PV=nRT) The Venturi
effect can create a vacuum in a distribution system.
◉ Virulence. Answer: How ill the organism will make an individual
◉ What are the conditions under which backpressure can occur.
Answer: 1. A rise in the non-potable pressure
2. A drop in the potable pressure
3. A combination of 1 and 2
◉ What is atmospheric pressure?. Answer: 14.7 psi
◉ What are the seven essential elements of an effective backflow
prevention program?. Answer: 1. Legal authority
2. Plan review of new construction
, 3. Standards and specifications to define "approved" backflow
prevention assemblies
4. Testing and maintenance program
5. Record keeping
6. Program for surveying and retrofitting existing facilities
7. Training utility personnel and educating consumers and others
◉ 1.0 psi of water pressure is equivalent to how many feet?. Answer:
2.31 ft
◉ What agency field tests backflow assemblies. Answer: Foundation
for Cross-Connection Control & Hydraulic Research (FCCC & HR) at
the University of Southern California
◉ What is an assembly labeled with?. Answer: 1. Manufacturer's
symbol
2. Size
3. Serial number
4. Model number
5. Working pressure
6. Direction of flow
SPECIALIST FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
RESPONSE SET GRADED A+
◉ Submerged inlet. Answer: An arrangement of pipes, fitting, or
devices that introduces water into a non-potable system below the
flood-level rim of a receptacle.
◉ Survival time. Answer: The amount of time which a biological
agent survives in the distribution system
◉ Temporary cross-connection. Answer: A link between the potable
water supply and any other non-potable system created with
removable sections, swivel or change-over devices, garden hoses,
and other non-permanent methods
◉ Test cock. Answer: An appurtenance on an assembly or valve used
when testing the assembly.
◉ Thermal expansion. Answer: The increase in pressure in a closed
water system due to heating and expanding water.
,◉ Toxicity. Answer: Refers to the poisonous nature of a chemical and
varies widely
◉ Unprotected cross-connection. Answer: A cross-connection
between a potable and a non-potable system where inadequate
methods are provided to prevent backflow.
◉ Venturi Effect (Bernoulli's Principle). Answer: Caused by water
traveling at high velocity past or through a small opening. When the
velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low. (PV=nRT) The Venturi
effect can create a vacuum in a distribution system.
◉ Virulence. Answer: How ill the organism will make an individual
◉ What are the conditions under which backpressure can occur.
Answer: 1. A rise in the non-potable pressure
2. A drop in the potable pressure
3. A combination of 1 and 2
◉ What is atmospheric pressure?. Answer: 14.7 psi
◉ What are the seven essential elements of an effective backflow
prevention program?. Answer: 1. Legal authority
2. Plan review of new construction
, 3. Standards and specifications to define "approved" backflow
prevention assemblies
4. Testing and maintenance program
5. Record keeping
6. Program for surveying and retrofitting existing facilities
7. Training utility personnel and educating consumers and others
◉ 1.0 psi of water pressure is equivalent to how many feet?. Answer:
2.31 ft
◉ What agency field tests backflow assemblies. Answer: Foundation
for Cross-Connection Control & Hydraulic Research (FCCC & HR) at
the University of Southern California
◉ What is an assembly labeled with?. Answer: 1. Manufacturer's
symbol
2. Size
3. Serial number
4. Model number
5. Working pressure
6. Direction of flow
