WONGS NURSING CARE OF INFANTS AND
CHILDREN FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ Developmental Considerations - Older Infant. Answer: →Establish
rapport with infant and parents
→Allow infants to see parents (separation anxiety)
→Allow parents to hold during exam, ensure security objects are
nearby for comfort
◉ Developmental Considerations - Toddlers. Answer: →Ensure
parents/security items are nearby during physical exam
→Respond promptly to attempts at communication using their
language
→Be creative with dolls, toys, allow to touch medical equipment if
possible
→Give concise directions, one at a time
◉ Developmental Considerations - Preschoolers. Answer: →May also
want parents/security object nearby during physical exam
→Choose words carefully as they have many fears
,→Engage using basic questions; answer questions with simple,
short, concrete explanations
→Offer choices if possible
→May also want to handle medical equipment to reduce fears
◉ Developmental Considerations - School Aged Children. Answer:
→Include by asking them basic questions and speaking directly to
them
→Ask about friends, school, sports
→Explain procedures and medications in terms they can
understand, allow them to ask questions
→Use open ended questions
◉ Developmental Considerations - Adolescents. Answer: →Offer
choices when possible ask about favourite music, group, friends,
interests
→Listen more than speak use non judgemental listening and
responses
→Allow private time during interviews, explain reasons for asking
sensitive questions
→Encourage questions
◉ PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE - General Appearance -
TICLS. Answer: T → TONE
,>Moves spontaneously
> Resists examination
> Sits or stands (age appropriate)
I → INTERACTIVENESS
> Appears alert and engaged with clinician or caregiver
> Interacts with people, environment
> Reaches for toys etc
C → CONSOLABILITY
> Stops crying with holding and comforting by caregiver
> Has differential response to caregiver vs. examiner
L → LOOK/GAZE
> Makes eye contact with clinician
> Tracks visually
S → SPEECH/CRY
> Has strong cry
> Uses appropriate speech
, ◉ Paediatric Assessment Triangle. Answer: Appearance, work of
breathing and circulation to the skin.
◉ PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE - Work of Breathing - AARF.
Answer: A → ABNORMAL AIRWAY SOUNDS
> Snoring
> Muffled speech
> Hoarse speech
> Stridor
> Grunting
> Wheezing
A → ABNORMAL POSITIONING
> Sniffing position
> Tripoding
> Preference for seating posture
R → RETRACTIONS
> Supraclavicular
> Intercostal
> Substernal retractions
> Head bobbing (infants)
CHILDREN FINAL PAPER 2026 FULL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ Developmental Considerations - Older Infant. Answer: →Establish
rapport with infant and parents
→Allow infants to see parents (separation anxiety)
→Allow parents to hold during exam, ensure security objects are
nearby for comfort
◉ Developmental Considerations - Toddlers. Answer: →Ensure
parents/security items are nearby during physical exam
→Respond promptly to attempts at communication using their
language
→Be creative with dolls, toys, allow to touch medical equipment if
possible
→Give concise directions, one at a time
◉ Developmental Considerations - Preschoolers. Answer: →May also
want parents/security object nearby during physical exam
→Choose words carefully as they have many fears
,→Engage using basic questions; answer questions with simple,
short, concrete explanations
→Offer choices if possible
→May also want to handle medical equipment to reduce fears
◉ Developmental Considerations - School Aged Children. Answer:
→Include by asking them basic questions and speaking directly to
them
→Ask about friends, school, sports
→Explain procedures and medications in terms they can
understand, allow them to ask questions
→Use open ended questions
◉ Developmental Considerations - Adolescents. Answer: →Offer
choices when possible ask about favourite music, group, friends,
interests
→Listen more than speak use non judgemental listening and
responses
→Allow private time during interviews, explain reasons for asking
sensitive questions
→Encourage questions
◉ PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE - General Appearance -
TICLS. Answer: T → TONE
,>Moves spontaneously
> Resists examination
> Sits or stands (age appropriate)
I → INTERACTIVENESS
> Appears alert and engaged with clinician or caregiver
> Interacts with people, environment
> Reaches for toys etc
C → CONSOLABILITY
> Stops crying with holding and comforting by caregiver
> Has differential response to caregiver vs. examiner
L → LOOK/GAZE
> Makes eye contact with clinician
> Tracks visually
S → SPEECH/CRY
> Has strong cry
> Uses appropriate speech
, ◉ Paediatric Assessment Triangle. Answer: Appearance, work of
breathing and circulation to the skin.
◉ PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE - Work of Breathing - AARF.
Answer: A → ABNORMAL AIRWAY SOUNDS
> Snoring
> Muffled speech
> Hoarse speech
> Stridor
> Grunting
> Wheezing
A → ABNORMAL POSITIONING
> Sniffing position
> Tripoding
> Preference for seating posture
R → RETRACTIONS
> Supraclavicular
> Intercostal
> Substernal retractions
> Head bobbing (infants)
