CHEM 121 EXAM 3
1. molecular geometry
Answer - does not account for the ettects of lone pairs
- dont need to draw lone pairs
2. electron domains
Answer - grouping of electrons in a certain area
- repel one another to spread out in 3D space in a way to maximize their separation
- separation => determines electron geometry
3. hybrid orbitals
Answer - model used to explain molecular geometry
- transition state between atomic orbitals (AOs) and molecular orbitals (MOs) as the atom forms bonds
- combo of s and p orbitals
- each hybrid orbital has two lobes, but only draw the larger lobe
- find hybrid orbitals solely based on number of electron domains on an atom
,4. hybrid orbital energy
Answer energy will be in-between the energies of s and p orbitals
5. number of orbitals before and after hybridization should
Answer remain constant
6. sp orbitals
Answer - 2 electron domains
- linear geometry
- energy ditterence between sp and 2p < pairing energy => fill 2p once before pairing electrons in sp
7. sp2 orbitals
Answer - 3 electron domain
- trigonal planar geometry
- sp2 is higher energy than sp because it has more p character
- energy ditterence between sp2 and 2p < pairing energy => fill 2p once before pair electrons in sp2
8. sp3 orbitals
Answer - 4 electron domains
,- tetrahedral geometry
- sp3 is higher energy than sp2 because it has more p character
9. sp orbitals picture
Answer
10. sp2 orbitals picture
Answer
11. sp3 orbitals picture
Answer
12. single bonds
Answer - sigma bond
- typically occurs between hybridization orbitals or hybridization orbitals + 1s
13. double bonds
Answer - sigma + pi bonds
- sigma bond between two hybridization orbitals
- pi bond between two p orbitals in the same plane
, 14. triple bonds
Answer - sigma + pi + pi bonds
- sigma bond between two hybridization orbitals
1. molecular geometry
Answer - does not account for the ettects of lone pairs
- dont need to draw lone pairs
2. electron domains
Answer - grouping of electrons in a certain area
- repel one another to spread out in 3D space in a way to maximize their separation
- separation => determines electron geometry
3. hybrid orbitals
Answer - model used to explain molecular geometry
- transition state between atomic orbitals (AOs) and molecular orbitals (MOs) as the atom forms bonds
- combo of s and p orbitals
- each hybrid orbital has two lobes, but only draw the larger lobe
- find hybrid orbitals solely based on number of electron domains on an atom
,4. hybrid orbital energy
Answer energy will be in-between the energies of s and p orbitals
5. number of orbitals before and after hybridization should
Answer remain constant
6. sp orbitals
Answer - 2 electron domains
- linear geometry
- energy ditterence between sp and 2p < pairing energy => fill 2p once before pairing electrons in sp
7. sp2 orbitals
Answer - 3 electron domain
- trigonal planar geometry
- sp2 is higher energy than sp because it has more p character
- energy ditterence between sp2 and 2p < pairing energy => fill 2p once before pair electrons in sp2
8. sp3 orbitals
Answer - 4 electron domains
,- tetrahedral geometry
- sp3 is higher energy than sp2 because it has more p character
9. sp orbitals picture
Answer
10. sp2 orbitals picture
Answer
11. sp3 orbitals picture
Answer
12. single bonds
Answer - sigma bond
- typically occurs between hybridization orbitals or hybridization orbitals + 1s
13. double bonds
Answer - sigma + pi bonds
- sigma bond between two hybridization orbitals
- pi bond between two p orbitals in the same plane
, 14. triple bonds
Answer - sigma + pi + pi bonds
- sigma bond between two hybridization orbitals
