NAD+ -correct answers Electron carrier that gets reduced to NADH.
NADH -correct answers Carries electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP.
ETS (Electron Transport System) -correct answers Mitochondrial pathway that produces ~34 ATP.
Hypothyroidism -correct answers Low thyroid hormone → slow metabolism.
Hyperthyroidism -correct answers High thyroid hormone → fast metabolism.
Congenital hypothyroidism -correct answers Low thyroid hormone at birth causing growth
delays.
Graves' disease -correct answers Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with eye bulging.
Hashimoto's thyroidi s -correct answers Autoimmune destruc on → hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism treatment -correct answers An thyroid drugs, radioac ve iodine, surgery.
Hypothyroidism treatment -correct answers Levothyroxine replacement.
, Diabetes mellitus -correct answers Chronic high blood sugar.
Acute diabe c complica ons -correct answers DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia.
Chronic diabe c complica ons -correct answers Re nopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, CAD.
Insulin -correct answers Lowers blood glucose.
Glucagon -correct answers Raises blood glucose.
Atrophy -correct answers Cells shrink.
Hypertrophy -correct answers Cells enlarge.
Hyperplasia -correct answers More cells.
Metaplasia -correct answers Cells change type.
Dysplasia -correct answers Disordered, precancerous cells.
Autosomal dominant -correct answers one mutated gene causes disease.
Autosomal recessive -correct answers Two mutated genes needed.
Down syndrome -correct answers Trisomy 21; characteris c facial features.
NADH -correct answers Carries electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP.
ETS (Electron Transport System) -correct answers Mitochondrial pathway that produces ~34 ATP.
Hypothyroidism -correct answers Low thyroid hormone → slow metabolism.
Hyperthyroidism -correct answers High thyroid hormone → fast metabolism.
Congenital hypothyroidism -correct answers Low thyroid hormone at birth causing growth
delays.
Graves' disease -correct answers Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with eye bulging.
Hashimoto's thyroidi s -correct answers Autoimmune destruc on → hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism treatment -correct answers An thyroid drugs, radioac ve iodine, surgery.
Hypothyroidism treatment -correct answers Levothyroxine replacement.
, Diabetes mellitus -correct answers Chronic high blood sugar.
Acute diabe c complica ons -correct answers DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia.
Chronic diabe c complica ons -correct answers Re nopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, CAD.
Insulin -correct answers Lowers blood glucose.
Glucagon -correct answers Raises blood glucose.
Atrophy -correct answers Cells shrink.
Hypertrophy -correct answers Cells enlarge.
Hyperplasia -correct answers More cells.
Metaplasia -correct answers Cells change type.
Dysplasia -correct answers Disordered, precancerous cells.
Autosomal dominant -correct answers one mutated gene causes disease.
Autosomal recessive -correct answers Two mutated genes needed.
Down syndrome -correct answers Trisomy 21; characteris c facial features.
