L1: Immune System
,Lecture 1: Immune System
1. Identify components of blood
● Plasma
● RBCs
● WBCs
○ Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
○ Lymphocytes: T cells, B cells, NK cells (not morphologically
distinguishable)
● Platelets
● Plasma = liquid, cell-free part of blood that has been treated with anti-coagulants
● Serum = liquid part of blood after coagulation, therefore devoid of clotting actors
as fibrinogen
○ SERUM = PLASMA - FIBRINOGEN
2. Identify blood cells and their functions.
RBCs
Features: anucleate biconcave discs, highly flexible and malleable
Function: contain Hg for oxygen transport
, Reticulocytes (slightly larger, immature RBCs)
Features: Mesh-like network of rRNA visible with methylene blue
Function: index of RBC production, increases due to red cell loss and decreases due to
erythropoiesis
Sickle Cells
Features: narrow, curved cells with pointed ends
Caused by mutation of beta Hgb subunit
, Nucleated RBCs
Features: Has a rounded nucleus
Commonly seen in newborns, rare in older people
Caused by the premature release from marrow due to neoplasms, heart failure, etc.
Leukocytes = WBCs
● Agranular
○ Lymphocytes and monocytes
■ Lymphocytes formed from lymphoid stem cells and have an acquired
immunity function
■ Monocytes formed from myeloid progenitor cells and have an innate
immunity function
● Granulocytes
○ Basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils
■ All formed from myeloid progenitor cells and have an innate immunity
function
○ Contain abundant secretory granules and lysosomal granules
○ Polymorphic, multi-lobe nuclei, short lifespan
,Lecture 1: Immune System
1. Identify components of blood
● Plasma
● RBCs
● WBCs
○ Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
○ Lymphocytes: T cells, B cells, NK cells (not morphologically
distinguishable)
● Platelets
● Plasma = liquid, cell-free part of blood that has been treated with anti-coagulants
● Serum = liquid part of blood after coagulation, therefore devoid of clotting actors
as fibrinogen
○ SERUM = PLASMA - FIBRINOGEN
2. Identify blood cells and their functions.
RBCs
Features: anucleate biconcave discs, highly flexible and malleable
Function: contain Hg for oxygen transport
, Reticulocytes (slightly larger, immature RBCs)
Features: Mesh-like network of rRNA visible with methylene blue
Function: index of RBC production, increases due to red cell loss and decreases due to
erythropoiesis
Sickle Cells
Features: narrow, curved cells with pointed ends
Caused by mutation of beta Hgb subunit
, Nucleated RBCs
Features: Has a rounded nucleus
Commonly seen in newborns, rare in older people
Caused by the premature release from marrow due to neoplasms, heart failure, etc.
Leukocytes = WBCs
● Agranular
○ Lymphocytes and monocytes
■ Lymphocytes formed from lymphoid stem cells and have an acquired
immunity function
■ Monocytes formed from myeloid progenitor cells and have an innate
immunity function
● Granulocytes
○ Basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils
■ All formed from myeloid progenitor cells and have an innate immunity
function
○ Contain abundant secretory granules and lysosomal granules
○ Polymorphic, multi-lobe nuclei, short lifespan
