HESI A2 Admission Assessment Actual Exam
2026/2027 | Questions with Verified Answers |
100% Correct | Pass Guaranteed
SECTION 1: Anatomy & Physiology (20 Questions)
Q1: Which structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
A. Pleural membrane
B. Pericardium
C. Diaphragm
D. Peritoneum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration and creates the physical
separation between the thoracic cavity (containing heart and lungs) and abdominal
cavity (containing digestive organs). The pleural membrane (A) surrounds the lungs.
The pericardium (B) surrounds the heart. The peritoneum (D) lines the abdominal cavity.
Q2: The primary function of platelets is to:
A. Carry oxygen to tissues
B. Fight infection
C. Initiate blood clotting
D. Transport hormones
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments that play a crucial role in
hemostasis - they form clots to stop bleeding. Red blood cells (A) carry oxygen. White
blood cells (B) fight infection. Hormone transport (D) is primarily done by proteins in
plasma.
Q3: Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Adrenaline
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose by facilitating
cellular uptake. Thyroxine (B) regulates metabolism. Adrenaline (C) is involved in stress
response. Growth hormone (D) stimulates cell growth and regeneration.
Q4: The normal pH range of human blood is:
A. 6.8-7.0
B. 7.35-7.45
C. 7.8-8.0
D. 5.5-6.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood pH must remain tightly regulated between 7.35-7.45 for optimal
enzyme function and cellular activity. Values outside this range indicate acidosis or
alkalosis, which can be life-threatening. The other ranges are too acidic (A, D) or too
alkaline (C).
Q5: Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
,C. Left ventricle
D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The left ventricle is the heart's most muscular chamber, pumping oxygenated
blood through the aorta to the entire body. The right atrium (A) receives deoxygenated
blood. The right ventricle (B) pumps blood to lungs. The left atrium (D) receives
oxygenated blood from lungs.
Q6: Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alveoli are microscopic air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse
between air and blood. The trachea (A) is the windpipe. Bronchi (B) and bronchioles (D)
are conducting airways that don't participate in gas exchange.
Q7: Which organ produces bile?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats for digestion. The gallbladder
(B) stores and concentrates bile. The pancreas (C) produces digestive enzymes. The
stomach (D) produces acid and some enzymes.
Q8: The basic functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Ureter
B. Nephron
C. Glomerulus
D. Bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic filtering unit of the kidney that produces
urine. Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons. The ureter (A) transports urine to
bladder. The glomerulus (C) is a capillary network within the nephron. The bladder (D)
stores urine.
Q9: Which hormone increases heart rate and blood pressure during stress?
A. Epinephrine
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released during "fight or flight" response,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Estrogen (B) and progesterone
(C) are sex hormones. Oxytocin (D) is involved in childbirth and bonding.
Q10: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Cardiac
2026/2027 | Questions with Verified Answers |
100% Correct | Pass Guaranteed
SECTION 1: Anatomy & Physiology (20 Questions)
Q1: Which structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
A. Pleural membrane
B. Pericardium
C. Diaphragm
D. Peritoneum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration and creates the physical
separation between the thoracic cavity (containing heart and lungs) and abdominal
cavity (containing digestive organs). The pleural membrane (A) surrounds the lungs.
The pericardium (B) surrounds the heart. The peritoneum (D) lines the abdominal cavity.
Q2: The primary function of platelets is to:
A. Carry oxygen to tissues
B. Fight infection
C. Initiate blood clotting
D. Transport hormones
Correct Answer: C
,Rationale: Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments that play a crucial role in
hemostasis - they form clots to stop bleeding. Red blood cells (A) carry oxygen. White
blood cells (B) fight infection. Hormone transport (D) is primarily done by proteins in
plasma.
Q3: Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Adrenaline
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose by facilitating
cellular uptake. Thyroxine (B) regulates metabolism. Adrenaline (C) is involved in stress
response. Growth hormone (D) stimulates cell growth and regeneration.
Q4: The normal pH range of human blood is:
A. 6.8-7.0
B. 7.35-7.45
C. 7.8-8.0
D. 5.5-6.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood pH must remain tightly regulated between 7.35-7.45 for optimal
enzyme function and cellular activity. Values outside this range indicate acidosis or
alkalosis, which can be life-threatening. The other ranges are too acidic (A, D) or too
alkaline (C).
Q5: Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
,C. Left ventricle
D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The left ventricle is the heart's most muscular chamber, pumping oxygenated
blood through the aorta to the entire body. The right atrium (A) receives deoxygenated
blood. The right ventricle (B) pumps blood to lungs. The left atrium (D) receives
oxygenated blood from lungs.
Q6: Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alveoli are microscopic air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse
between air and blood. The trachea (A) is the windpipe. Bronchi (B) and bronchioles (D)
are conducting airways that don't participate in gas exchange.
Q7: Which organ produces bile?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats for digestion. The gallbladder
(B) stores and concentrates bile. The pancreas (C) produces digestive enzymes. The
stomach (D) produces acid and some enzymes.
Q8: The basic functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Ureter
B. Nephron
C. Glomerulus
D. Bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic filtering unit of the kidney that produces
urine. Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons. The ureter (A) transports urine to
bladder. The glomerulus (C) is a capillary network within the nephron. The bladder (D)
stores urine.
Q9: Which hormone increases heart rate and blood pressure during stress?
A. Epinephrine
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released during "fight or flight" response,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Estrogen (B) and progesterone
(C) are sex hormones. Oxytocin (D) is involved in childbirth and bonding.
Q10: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
A. Skeletal
B. Smooth
C. Cardiac
