BIO 230 COMPREHENSIVE UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Who took the key picture of DNA? - ✔✔Rosalind Franklin
✔✔What technique was used to make this picture? - ✔✔Crystollography = xray
defraction
✔✔What did the picture suggest about the structure of DNA? - ✔✔It was a double helix
✔✔What are the similarities and differences in what DNA, RNA, and protein are made
of? - ✔✔????
✔✔Where is each of these molecules inside a cell? - ✔✔In the chromosome
✔✔How does DNA code for RNA? - ✔✔transcription
✔✔How does RNA code for protein? - ✔✔translation
✔✔What are codons? - ✔✔a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of
genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
✔✔What do the terms transcription and translation refer to in biology? - ✔✔
✔✔What percentage of the human genome is thought to code for protein? - ✔✔1.5%
✔✔What are introns? - ✔✔a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for
proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
✔✔What is known about the rest of the DNA sequences, sometimes called "non-coding"
or "junk" DNA? - ✔✔98.5%
✔✔What are Exons? - ✔✔a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information
coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
✔✔What are Promoters? - ✔✔A region of DNA that initiates (promotes) the translation
of a particular gene
✔✔What are Telomeres? - ✔✔end of a sequence
✔✔How can small changes in DNA result in big, small, or no changes in the physical
characteristics of a living thing? - ✔✔Can create tumors
, ✔✔What are different ways that DNA can be mutated to produce different proteins than
originally coded for? - ✔✔Insertion, Deletion, Substitution,
✔✔Nonsense - ✔✔Non-existent amino acid; stop codon
✔✔missense - ✔✔Mistaken amino acid; wrong codon
✔✔What are frame-shift mutations? - ✔✔when the nucleic acid moves forward or
backwards
**is not divisible by three.
✔✔Point mutations? - ✔✔Point Mutations: Exchange of a single nucleotide for another
✔✔Deletion mutations? - ✔✔Deletion: Removal of one or more nucleotides from a DNA
sequence
✔✔Insertion mutations? - ✔✔Insertion: Addition of one or more extra nucleotides into a
DNA sequence
✔✔Substitution mutations? - ✔✔A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base
for another
✔✔Silent mutations? - ✔✔base changes but doesn't have no affect on nucleic acid
✔✔Does a substitution mutation always change the amino acid sequence of the
protein? - ✔✔Has no affect at all
✔✔How about an insertion mutation? How about a deletion mutation? Why or why not?
- ✔✔Yes because it causes frame shift
✔✔What is sickle cell anemia? What change in DNA causes sickle cell anemia to
occur? - ✔✔Point mutation in gene that
codes for hemoglobin protein
that carries oxygen in the body
• Causes "sickling" change of
shape of red blood cells
* Happens when you inherit
mutation from both parents
✔✔What would happen if a gene had two nucleotides inserted as a mutation? - ✔✔
✔✔What would happen if a gene had Three nucleotides? - ✔✔coodon
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Who took the key picture of DNA? - ✔✔Rosalind Franklin
✔✔What technique was used to make this picture? - ✔✔Crystollography = xray
defraction
✔✔What did the picture suggest about the structure of DNA? - ✔✔It was a double helix
✔✔What are the similarities and differences in what DNA, RNA, and protein are made
of? - ✔✔????
✔✔Where is each of these molecules inside a cell? - ✔✔In the chromosome
✔✔How does DNA code for RNA? - ✔✔transcription
✔✔How does RNA code for protein? - ✔✔translation
✔✔What are codons? - ✔✔a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of
genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
✔✔What do the terms transcription and translation refer to in biology? - ✔✔
✔✔What percentage of the human genome is thought to code for protein? - ✔✔1.5%
✔✔What are introns? - ✔✔a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for
proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
✔✔What is known about the rest of the DNA sequences, sometimes called "non-coding"
or "junk" DNA? - ✔✔98.5%
✔✔What are Exons? - ✔✔a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information
coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
✔✔What are Promoters? - ✔✔A region of DNA that initiates (promotes) the translation
of a particular gene
✔✔What are Telomeres? - ✔✔end of a sequence
✔✔How can small changes in DNA result in big, small, or no changes in the physical
characteristics of a living thing? - ✔✔Can create tumors
, ✔✔What are different ways that DNA can be mutated to produce different proteins than
originally coded for? - ✔✔Insertion, Deletion, Substitution,
✔✔Nonsense - ✔✔Non-existent amino acid; stop codon
✔✔missense - ✔✔Mistaken amino acid; wrong codon
✔✔What are frame-shift mutations? - ✔✔when the nucleic acid moves forward or
backwards
**is not divisible by three.
✔✔Point mutations? - ✔✔Point Mutations: Exchange of a single nucleotide for another
✔✔Deletion mutations? - ✔✔Deletion: Removal of one or more nucleotides from a DNA
sequence
✔✔Insertion mutations? - ✔✔Insertion: Addition of one or more extra nucleotides into a
DNA sequence
✔✔Substitution mutations? - ✔✔A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base
for another
✔✔Silent mutations? - ✔✔base changes but doesn't have no affect on nucleic acid
✔✔Does a substitution mutation always change the amino acid sequence of the
protein? - ✔✔Has no affect at all
✔✔How about an insertion mutation? How about a deletion mutation? Why or why not?
- ✔✔Yes because it causes frame shift
✔✔What is sickle cell anemia? What change in DNA causes sickle cell anemia to
occur? - ✔✔Point mutation in gene that
codes for hemoglobin protein
that carries oxygen in the body
• Causes "sickling" change of
shape of red blood cells
* Happens when you inherit
mutation from both parents
✔✔What would happen if a gene had two nucleotides inserted as a mutation? - ✔✔
✔✔What would happen if a gene had Three nucleotides? - ✔✔coodon
