PPR COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Bloom's Taxonomy - ✔✔Proposed by Benjamin Bloom this is a classification tool
developed to categorize learning from low level thinking to very high level thinking.
✔✔comprehension - ✔✔Understanding and knowledge something, whether it is a
concept, content information, behavior, etc. It is often used in relation to reading
(reading comprehension) to indicate that a reader remembers and understands what
was read. But, it is not limited exclusively to reading.
✔✔constructivism - ✔✔An instructional approach based on the theory on the idea that
children build understanding by an active learning process. Students build their own
learning and knowledge by exploration, discovery and questioning.
✔✔content validity - ✔✔How well a test measures what is was designed to measure.
✔✔convergent thinking - ✔✔Involves combining or joining different ideas together
Based on elements these ideas have in common. In short, it means putting the different
pieces of a topic back together in some organized, structured and understandable
fashion. Convergent thinking, then, is an essential part of the outlining and organizing
process.
✔✔deductive reasoning - ✔✔The process of thinking from general terms to specific
terms; framing thinks so as to eliminate ideas or possibilities one by one
✔✔English as a Second Language (ESL) - ✔✔A program for teaching the English
language to children whose first language is not English, although in practice it is much
more comprehensive than this and includes the teaching of academic content to
students with limited English proficiency. It involves effective instructional strategies for
teaching English to non-native speakers.
✔✔ethical behavior - ✔✔Acting in the highest moral principles and values. For
educators in Texas it means behavior and practices that conform to the Texas
Educators' Code of Ethics
✔✔evaluation - ✔✔Critical thinking that involves making and supporting judgments. This
is one of the higher order thinking skills in Bloom's Taxonomy.
✔✔extrinsic motivation - ✔✔Wanting to do something, behaving in a certain way or
achieving something because of some type of external reward. The reward could be
something tangible, i.e. money, food, etc. or it could be intangible, i.e. praise, better
grade, etc.
,✔✔formal assessment - ✔✔Measuring knowledge or skill acquistion by means of a
standardized test, very often using a commercially published test, although it doesn't
have to be commercially published to be formal, but it would need to be standardized.
✔✔formative assessment - ✔✔Monitoring progress before and during learning in order
to guide any necessary adjustments and the pace of learning. Formative assessment
gives teh teacher inforamtion regarding how well students are understanding a
particular concept or skill in order to determine the effectiveness of the instruction. It is
done on an ongoing basis during instruction.
✔✔graphic organizers - ✔✔A type of visual displaly, chart, graphic, etc. that helps
students with planning, organizing, connecting, engaging and evaluating their larning.
They are tools that assist teachers and students in the learning process. They take
many forms, venn diagrams, semantic maps, timelines, KWL charts, story maps,
outlines, etc.
✔✔grouping - ✔✔Placing students together in order to for a lesson or other learning or
instructional activity. Groupins is sometimes done on the basis of a single student
characteristic, such as ability or ethnicity and when done on that basis it is not very
effective or desirable.
✔✔hands-on activities - ✔✔activities designed so that they require students to get
actively engaged in the learning activity in a physical way.
✔✔higher oder questions - ✔✔questions that engage the child in more complex
cogniive skills. It is usually used to refer to thinking process that are more sophisticated
and on the upper level of Bloom's Taxonomy.
✔✔instructional objectives - ✔✔Specific and usually, but not always, written statements
regardng the exact goals or desired student outcomes for a lesson or other learning
activitiy. In other words, what the teacher hopes or expects to accomplish with the
lesson.
✔✔instructional strategy - ✔✔A plan, tool, technique or approach for teaching. the
mehtodology and process the teacher uses to help students understand and learn the
instructional objectives.
✔✔accommodation - ✔✔In the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal
representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality. It refers to an
important aspect of learning for young children, as they alter and adjust existing
schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences.
✔✔accountability - ✔✔Holding schools responsible for what students learn. It is an
important concept behind the high stakes testing movement in schools.
, ✔✔acculturation - ✔✔The adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture.
✔✔advanced organizers - ✔✔A framework for understanding the material to be taught,
which is introduced prior to the lesson. They help orient students to the lesson by
helping them to connect the new knowledge to prio knowledge and to create an
understanding of how the new knowledge fits it with existing knowledge.
✔✔affective domain - ✔✔Attitudinal and emotional areas of learning, such as values
and feelings.
✔✔affective objectives - ✔✔Learning objectives that focus on values, feeling, beliefs
and emotions.
✔✔Aptitude Test - ✔✔A test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude
is the capacity to learn.
✔✔assertive discipline - ✔✔Classroom management approach (Leo Canter)
based on establishing clear limits and
expectations, insisting on acceptable
student behavior and delivering appropriate
consequences when rules are broken.
✔✔assimilation - ✔✔Process of changing one's own culture to the dominant cultural
norms.
✔✔at risk students - ✔✔A term used to refer to children who are not currently identified
as handicapped or disabled but who are considered to have greater than usual chance
of school success due to any number of factors such as environment, prior instruction,
motivation, etc. .
✔✔behavior disorder - ✔✔Problem when behavior deviates so much from appropriate
behaviors for the child's age group that it significantly interferes with child leanring,
growth and development.
✔✔behavior objective - ✔✔A form for writing an instructional objective that emphasizes
precision and careful delineation of expected student behaviors, the testing situation
and the desired performance criterion.
✔✔bottom-up processing - ✔✔Starting with skills and moving to whole knowledge,
starting with parts and working toward the whole. An example is learning sounds, then
words, then sentences, etc.
✔✔Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education - ✔✔A landmark decision of the United States
Supreme court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Bloom's Taxonomy - ✔✔Proposed by Benjamin Bloom this is a classification tool
developed to categorize learning from low level thinking to very high level thinking.
✔✔comprehension - ✔✔Understanding and knowledge something, whether it is a
concept, content information, behavior, etc. It is often used in relation to reading
(reading comprehension) to indicate that a reader remembers and understands what
was read. But, it is not limited exclusively to reading.
✔✔constructivism - ✔✔An instructional approach based on the theory on the idea that
children build understanding by an active learning process. Students build their own
learning and knowledge by exploration, discovery and questioning.
✔✔content validity - ✔✔How well a test measures what is was designed to measure.
✔✔convergent thinking - ✔✔Involves combining or joining different ideas together
Based on elements these ideas have in common. In short, it means putting the different
pieces of a topic back together in some organized, structured and understandable
fashion. Convergent thinking, then, is an essential part of the outlining and organizing
process.
✔✔deductive reasoning - ✔✔The process of thinking from general terms to specific
terms; framing thinks so as to eliminate ideas or possibilities one by one
✔✔English as a Second Language (ESL) - ✔✔A program for teaching the English
language to children whose first language is not English, although in practice it is much
more comprehensive than this and includes the teaching of academic content to
students with limited English proficiency. It involves effective instructional strategies for
teaching English to non-native speakers.
✔✔ethical behavior - ✔✔Acting in the highest moral principles and values. For
educators in Texas it means behavior and practices that conform to the Texas
Educators' Code of Ethics
✔✔evaluation - ✔✔Critical thinking that involves making and supporting judgments. This
is one of the higher order thinking skills in Bloom's Taxonomy.
✔✔extrinsic motivation - ✔✔Wanting to do something, behaving in a certain way or
achieving something because of some type of external reward. The reward could be
something tangible, i.e. money, food, etc. or it could be intangible, i.e. praise, better
grade, etc.
,✔✔formal assessment - ✔✔Measuring knowledge or skill acquistion by means of a
standardized test, very often using a commercially published test, although it doesn't
have to be commercially published to be formal, but it would need to be standardized.
✔✔formative assessment - ✔✔Monitoring progress before and during learning in order
to guide any necessary adjustments and the pace of learning. Formative assessment
gives teh teacher inforamtion regarding how well students are understanding a
particular concept or skill in order to determine the effectiveness of the instruction. It is
done on an ongoing basis during instruction.
✔✔graphic organizers - ✔✔A type of visual displaly, chart, graphic, etc. that helps
students with planning, organizing, connecting, engaging and evaluating their larning.
They are tools that assist teachers and students in the learning process. They take
many forms, venn diagrams, semantic maps, timelines, KWL charts, story maps,
outlines, etc.
✔✔grouping - ✔✔Placing students together in order to for a lesson or other learning or
instructional activity. Groupins is sometimes done on the basis of a single student
characteristic, such as ability or ethnicity and when done on that basis it is not very
effective or desirable.
✔✔hands-on activities - ✔✔activities designed so that they require students to get
actively engaged in the learning activity in a physical way.
✔✔higher oder questions - ✔✔questions that engage the child in more complex
cogniive skills. It is usually used to refer to thinking process that are more sophisticated
and on the upper level of Bloom's Taxonomy.
✔✔instructional objectives - ✔✔Specific and usually, but not always, written statements
regardng the exact goals or desired student outcomes for a lesson or other learning
activitiy. In other words, what the teacher hopes or expects to accomplish with the
lesson.
✔✔instructional strategy - ✔✔A plan, tool, technique or approach for teaching. the
mehtodology and process the teacher uses to help students understand and learn the
instructional objectives.
✔✔accommodation - ✔✔In the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal
representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality. It refers to an
important aspect of learning for young children, as they alter and adjust existing
schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences.
✔✔accountability - ✔✔Holding schools responsible for what students learn. It is an
important concept behind the high stakes testing movement in schools.
, ✔✔acculturation - ✔✔The adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture.
✔✔advanced organizers - ✔✔A framework for understanding the material to be taught,
which is introduced prior to the lesson. They help orient students to the lesson by
helping them to connect the new knowledge to prio knowledge and to create an
understanding of how the new knowledge fits it with existing knowledge.
✔✔affective domain - ✔✔Attitudinal and emotional areas of learning, such as values
and feelings.
✔✔affective objectives - ✔✔Learning objectives that focus on values, feeling, beliefs
and emotions.
✔✔Aptitude Test - ✔✔A test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude
is the capacity to learn.
✔✔assertive discipline - ✔✔Classroom management approach (Leo Canter)
based on establishing clear limits and
expectations, insisting on acceptable
student behavior and delivering appropriate
consequences when rules are broken.
✔✔assimilation - ✔✔Process of changing one's own culture to the dominant cultural
norms.
✔✔at risk students - ✔✔A term used to refer to children who are not currently identified
as handicapped or disabled but who are considered to have greater than usual chance
of school success due to any number of factors such as environment, prior instruction,
motivation, etc. .
✔✔behavior disorder - ✔✔Problem when behavior deviates so much from appropriate
behaviors for the child's age group that it significantly interferes with child leanring,
growth and development.
✔✔behavior objective - ✔✔A form for writing an instructional objective that emphasizes
precision and careful delineation of expected student behaviors, the testing situation
and the desired performance criterion.
✔✔bottom-up processing - ✔✔Starting with skills and moving to whole knowledge,
starting with parts and working toward the whole. An example is learning sounds, then
words, then sentences, etc.
✔✔Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education - ✔✔A landmark decision of the United States
Supreme court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black
