1. Introduction to Cybersecurity
● Definition: The practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from cyber attacks,
unauthorized access, or damage.
● Importance: In today’s digital world, organizations rely on cybersecurity to protect
sensitive information and maintain trust.
● Key Principles (CIA Triad):
○ Confidentiality: Only authorized users can access information.
○ Integrity: Data remains accurate and unaltered.
○ Availability: Information and systems are accessible when needed.
● Example: Banking systems require all three principles to protect customer data and
ensure smooth transactions.
● Key Terms: Cybersecurity, Threat, Vulnerability, Risk, CIA Triad
2. Types of Cyber Threats
1. Malware – Malicious software designed to harm systems (virus, trojan, ransomware).
2. Phishing – Fraudulent attempts to steal sensitive information via email or messages.
3. Denial-of-Service (DoS/DDoS) – Overloading systems to make them unavailable.
4. Spyware & Adware – Programs that track activity or display unwanted ads.
5. Man-in-the-Middle Attack – Intercepting communication between two parties to steal
information.
● Example: A phishing email pretending to be a bank request can trick users into giving
login info.
● Key Terms: Malware, Phishing, Ransomware, Trojan, DDoS, Spyware, Adware, MitM
● Definition: The practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from cyber attacks,
unauthorized access, or damage.
● Importance: In today’s digital world, organizations rely on cybersecurity to protect
sensitive information and maintain trust.
● Key Principles (CIA Triad):
○ Confidentiality: Only authorized users can access information.
○ Integrity: Data remains accurate and unaltered.
○ Availability: Information and systems are accessible when needed.
● Example: Banking systems require all three principles to protect customer data and
ensure smooth transactions.
● Key Terms: Cybersecurity, Threat, Vulnerability, Risk, CIA Triad
2. Types of Cyber Threats
1. Malware – Malicious software designed to harm systems (virus, trojan, ransomware).
2. Phishing – Fraudulent attempts to steal sensitive information via email or messages.
3. Denial-of-Service (DoS/DDoS) – Overloading systems to make them unavailable.
4. Spyware & Adware – Programs that track activity or display unwanted ads.
5. Man-in-the-Middle Attack – Intercepting communication between two parties to steal
information.
● Example: A phishing email pretending to be a bank request can trick users into giving
login info.
● Key Terms: Malware, Phishing, Ransomware, Trojan, DDoS, Spyware, Adware, MitM
