Cinnamon VanPutte Jennifer Regan Andrew Russo
Southwestern Illinois College University of Southern Mississippi University of Iowa
,SEELEY’S ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2013, 2010, and 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.
ISBN 978-0-07-809732-4
MHID 0-07-809732-0
Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. Strand
Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange
Vice President, Content Design & Delivery: Kimberly Meriwether David
Managing Director: Michael S. Hackett
Director of Marketing: James F. Connely
Brand Manager: Amy Reed
Director, Product Development: Rose Koos
Product Developer: Mandy C. Clark
Marketing Manager: Jessica Cannavo
Director of Development: Rose Koos
Digital Product Developer: Jake Theobold
Program Manager: Angela R. FitzPatrick
Content Project Managers: Jayne Klein/Sherry Kane
Buyer: Laura M. Fuller
Design: David W. Hash
Content Licensing Specialists: John Leland/Leonard Behnke
Cover Images: young woman sweating after working out ©Thomas_EyeDesign/Getty Images/RF;
Two Staphylococcus epidermis Bacteria ©CDC/Janice Carr
Compositor: ArtPlus Ltd.
Typeface: 10/12 Minion
Printer: R. R. Donnelley
All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
VanPutte, Cinnamon L.
Seeley’s essentials of anatomy & physiology / Cinnamon Van Putte, Jennifer Regan, Andrew Russo.–Ninth edition.
pages cm 1SPVEMZTPVSDFEBOEVQMPBEFECZ<4UPSN3(>
Includes index. ,JDLBTT5PSSFOUT]51#]&5]IU
1. Human physiology. 2. Human anatomy. I. Regan, Jennifer L. II. Russo, Andrew F. III. Title.
IV. Title: Essentials of anatomy and physiology.
QP34.5.S418 2016
612--dc23
2014022213
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorse-
ment by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented
at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
, D E D ICAT IO N
This text is dedicated to our families. Without their uncompromising
support and love, this effort would not have been possible. Our spouses
and children have been more than patient while we’ve spent many
nights at the computer surrounded by mountains of books. We also
want to acknowledge and dedicate this edition to the previous authors
as we continue the standard of excellence that they have set for so
many years. For each of us, authoring this text is a culmination of our
passion for teaching and represents an opportunity to pass knowledge
on to students beyond our own classrooms; this has all been made
possible by the support and mentorship we in turn have
received from our teachers, colleagues, friends, and family.
, About the Authors
Cinnamon L. VanPutte Jennifer L. Regan Andrew F. Russo
Professor of Biology Instructor Professor of Molecular
Southwestern Illinois College University of Southern Mississippi Physiology and Biophysics
University of Iowa
Cinnamon has been teaching biology and For over ten years, Jennifer has taught
human anatomy and physiology for almost introductory biology, human anatomy and Andrew has over 20 years of classroom
two decades. At Southwestern Illinois College physiology, and genetics at the university experience with human physiology, neurobiology,
she is a full-time faculty member and the and community college level. She has received molecular biology, and cell biology courses at
coordinator for the anatomy and physiology the Instructor of the Year Award at both the the University of Iowa. He is a recipient of the
courses. Cinnamon is an active member of departmental and college level while teaching Collegiate Teaching Award and is currently the
several professional societies, including the at USM. In addition, she has been recognized course director for Medical Cell Biology and
Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS). for her dedication to teaching by student Director of the Biosciences Graduate Program.
Her Ph.D. in zoology, with an emphasis in organizations such as the Alliance for Graduate He is also a member of several professional
endocrinology, is from Texas A&M University. Education in Mississippi and Increasing Minority societies, including the American Physiological
She worked in Dr. Duncan MacKenzie’s lab, Access to Graduate Education. Jennifer has Society and the Society for Neuroscience.
where she was indoctrinated in the major dedicated much of her career to improving Andrew received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from
principles of physiology and the importance of lecture and laboratory instruction at her the University of California at Berkeley. His
critical thinking. The critical thinking component institutions. Critical thinking and lifelong research interests are focused on the molecular
of Seeley’s Essentials of Human Anatomy & learning are two characteristics Jennifer hopes neurobiology of migraine. His decision to join
Physiology epitomizes Cinnamon’s passion for to instill in her students. She appreciates the the author team for Seeley’s Essentials of Human
the field of human anatomy and physiology; Seeley approach to learning and is excited Anatomy & Physiology is the culmination of a
she is committed to maintaining this tradition of about contributing to further development of passion for teaching that began in graduate
excellence. Cinnamon and her husband, Robb, the textbook. She received her Ph.D. in biology school. He is excited about the opportunity to
have two children: a daughter, Savannah, and at the University of Houston, under the direction hook students’ interest in learning by presenting
a son, Ethan. Savannah is very creative and of Edwin H. Bryant and Lisa M. Meffert. She cutting-edge clinical and scientific advances.
artistic; she loves to sing, write novels, and do is an active member of several professional Andy is married to Maureen, a physical therapist,
art projects. Robb and Ethan have their black organizations, including the Human Anatomy and has three daughters Erilynn, Becky, and
belts in karate and Ethan is one of the youngest and Physiology Society. During her free time, Colleen, now in college and graduate school.
black belts at his martial arts school. Cinnamon Jennifer enjoys spending time with her husband, He enjoys all types of outdoor sports, especially
is also active in martial arts and is a competitive Hobbie, and two sons, Patrick and Nicholas. bicycling, skiing, ultimate Frisbee and, before
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner. She has competed moving to Iowa, bodyboard surfing.
at both the Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship and the
World Jiu-Jitsu Championship.
iv
Southwestern Illinois College University of Southern Mississippi University of Iowa
,SEELEY’S ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2013, 2010, and 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.
ISBN 978-0-07-809732-4
MHID 0-07-809732-0
Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. Strand
Vice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Marty Lange
Vice President, Content Design & Delivery: Kimberly Meriwether David
Managing Director: Michael S. Hackett
Director of Marketing: James F. Connely
Brand Manager: Amy Reed
Director, Product Development: Rose Koos
Product Developer: Mandy C. Clark
Marketing Manager: Jessica Cannavo
Director of Development: Rose Koos
Digital Product Developer: Jake Theobold
Program Manager: Angela R. FitzPatrick
Content Project Managers: Jayne Klein/Sherry Kane
Buyer: Laura M. Fuller
Design: David W. Hash
Content Licensing Specialists: John Leland/Leonard Behnke
Cover Images: young woman sweating after working out ©Thomas_EyeDesign/Getty Images/RF;
Two Staphylococcus epidermis Bacteria ©CDC/Janice Carr
Compositor: ArtPlus Ltd.
Typeface: 10/12 Minion
Printer: R. R. Donnelley
All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
VanPutte, Cinnamon L.
Seeley’s essentials of anatomy & physiology / Cinnamon Van Putte, Jennifer Regan, Andrew Russo.–Ninth edition.
pages cm 1SPVEMZTPVSDFEBOEVQMPBEFECZ<4UPSN3(>
Includes index. ,JDLBTT5PSSFOUT]51#]&5]IU
1. Human physiology. 2. Human anatomy. I. Regan, Jennifer L. II. Russo, Andrew F. III. Title.
IV. Title: Essentials of anatomy and physiology.
QP34.5.S418 2016
612--dc23
2014022213
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorse-
ment by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented
at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
, D E D ICAT IO N
This text is dedicated to our families. Without their uncompromising
support and love, this effort would not have been possible. Our spouses
and children have been more than patient while we’ve spent many
nights at the computer surrounded by mountains of books. We also
want to acknowledge and dedicate this edition to the previous authors
as we continue the standard of excellence that they have set for so
many years. For each of us, authoring this text is a culmination of our
passion for teaching and represents an opportunity to pass knowledge
on to students beyond our own classrooms; this has all been made
possible by the support and mentorship we in turn have
received from our teachers, colleagues, friends, and family.
, About the Authors
Cinnamon L. VanPutte Jennifer L. Regan Andrew F. Russo
Professor of Biology Instructor Professor of Molecular
Southwestern Illinois College University of Southern Mississippi Physiology and Biophysics
University of Iowa
Cinnamon has been teaching biology and For over ten years, Jennifer has taught
human anatomy and physiology for almost introductory biology, human anatomy and Andrew has over 20 years of classroom
two decades. At Southwestern Illinois College physiology, and genetics at the university experience with human physiology, neurobiology,
she is a full-time faculty member and the and community college level. She has received molecular biology, and cell biology courses at
coordinator for the anatomy and physiology the Instructor of the Year Award at both the the University of Iowa. He is a recipient of the
courses. Cinnamon is an active member of departmental and college level while teaching Collegiate Teaching Award and is currently the
several professional societies, including the at USM. In addition, she has been recognized course director for Medical Cell Biology and
Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS). for her dedication to teaching by student Director of the Biosciences Graduate Program.
Her Ph.D. in zoology, with an emphasis in organizations such as the Alliance for Graduate He is also a member of several professional
endocrinology, is from Texas A&M University. Education in Mississippi and Increasing Minority societies, including the American Physiological
She worked in Dr. Duncan MacKenzie’s lab, Access to Graduate Education. Jennifer has Society and the Society for Neuroscience.
where she was indoctrinated in the major dedicated much of her career to improving Andrew received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from
principles of physiology and the importance of lecture and laboratory instruction at her the University of California at Berkeley. His
critical thinking. The critical thinking component institutions. Critical thinking and lifelong research interests are focused on the molecular
of Seeley’s Essentials of Human Anatomy & learning are two characteristics Jennifer hopes neurobiology of migraine. His decision to join
Physiology epitomizes Cinnamon’s passion for to instill in her students. She appreciates the the author team for Seeley’s Essentials of Human
the field of human anatomy and physiology; Seeley approach to learning and is excited Anatomy & Physiology is the culmination of a
she is committed to maintaining this tradition of about contributing to further development of passion for teaching that began in graduate
excellence. Cinnamon and her husband, Robb, the textbook. She received her Ph.D. in biology school. He is excited about the opportunity to
have two children: a daughter, Savannah, and at the University of Houston, under the direction hook students’ interest in learning by presenting
a son, Ethan. Savannah is very creative and of Edwin H. Bryant and Lisa M. Meffert. She cutting-edge clinical and scientific advances.
artistic; she loves to sing, write novels, and do is an active member of several professional Andy is married to Maureen, a physical therapist,
art projects. Robb and Ethan have their black organizations, including the Human Anatomy and has three daughters Erilynn, Becky, and
belts in karate and Ethan is one of the youngest and Physiology Society. During her free time, Colleen, now in college and graduate school.
black belts at his martial arts school. Cinnamon Jennifer enjoys spending time with her husband, He enjoys all types of outdoor sports, especially
is also active in martial arts and is a competitive Hobbie, and two sons, Patrick and Nicholas. bicycling, skiing, ultimate Frisbee and, before
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner. She has competed moving to Iowa, bodyboard surfing.
at both the Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship and the
World Jiu-Jitsu Championship.
iv
