Exam 2026/2027 | Questions with Verified Answers |
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SECTION 1: Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
Q1: A 55-year-old woman presents for an annual wellness visit. She is healthy, takes no
medications, and has no family history of colorectal cancer. Which screening strategy is
MOST appropriate according to USPSTF 2021 guidelines?
A. Annual fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) starting now and continuing until age 75
B. Colonoscopy every 10 years beginning at age 45
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years starting at age 50
D. CT colonography every 5 years beginning at age 40
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: USPSTF Grade A recommends offering colorectal screening from age 45–75;
colonoscopy every 10 years is an accepted method. Starting at 40 (D) is earlier than
evidence supports for average risk. FOBT annually (A) is acceptable but not the best
single answer because colonoscopy is equally valid and B encompasses the newer
45-year start age. Sigmoidoscopy (C) is reasonable but B is the most comprehensive
correct choice reflecting the 45-year start.
,Q2: A 16-year-old presents for a sports physical. Immunization records show he
received Tdap at age 11 and meningococcal conjugate at age 12. Today you should
recommend:
A. Meningococcal B vaccine series today
B. Second dose of meningococcal conjugate now
C. Tdap booster today
D. HPV vaccine is contraindicated in males
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CDC 2024 schedule advises shared clinical decision-making for MenB at
16–23 years (preferably 16–18). The conjugate booster (B) is due at 16 only if the first
dose was before age 13, which it was not. Tdap (C) is given every 10 years. HPV (D) is
routinely recommended for males.
Q3: A 35-year-old African American woman with BMI 26 kg/m² and no chronic diseases
asks about breast-cancer screening. Family history is negative. You counsel that:
A. Begin annual mammography now (age 35)
B. Begin biennial mammography at age 40 (USPSTF Grade B)
C. Begin annual MRI screening at age 30
D. Delay screening until age 50 regardless of race
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: USPSTF 2024 draft reaffirms biennial mammography 40–74 for average-risk
women. Starting at 35 (A) is not evidence-based, MRI (C) is for high-risk, and delaying to
50 (D) ignores Grade B evidence and higher mortality in African American women.
Q4: A 70-year-old man with 40 pack-year history quit smoking 10 years ago. He asks
about lung-cancer screening. The MOST appropriate next step is:
A. Annual low-dose CT (LDCT) for 1 year only
B. Annual LDCT until age 80 if life expectancy >10 years
C. Chest X-ray annually
D. No further screening; smoking history too remote
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: USPSTF 2021 recommends annual LDCT ages 50–80 for ≥20 pack-years and
≤15 years since quitting. Chest X-ray (C) is ineffective, and screening remains beneficial
(B) because risk persists.
Q5: A 24-year-old woman presents for a well-woman visit. She is sexually active with
one male partner and uses condoms inconsistently. Which STI screening is ROUTINELY
recommended by CDC for her age group?
A. HIV and syphilis only if partner known positive
B. Annual chlamydia and gonorrhea screening
C. Trichomonas vaginalis annually
D. HSV-2 serology screening
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: CDC 2021 sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines recommend
annual chlamydia/gonorrhea screening for all sexually active women <25 years. HIV (A)
is recommended at least once for ages 13–64, but routine chlamydia/gonorrhea is
age-based. Trichomonas (C) and HSV-2 serology (D) are not routine in asymptomatic
women.
Q6: A 9-month-old infant is brought for a well-child check. Parents ask about fluoride
varnish. You counsel:
A. Not indicated until age 2
B. Apply today and repeat every 3–6 months
C. Only if water fluoride <0.3 ppm
D. Prescription fluoride drops instead
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AAP and USPSTF recommend fluoride varnish every 3–6 months starting at
tooth eruption (≈6 months) regardless of water levels. Waiting until 2 (A) increases
caries risk; drops (D) are adjunctive, not instead.
Q7: A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman asks about osteoporosis screening. She has
never had a DEXA. USPSTF recommendation is:
A. One-time DEXA at age 65; repeat every 2 years
B. Screen now (age 58) and repeat every 10 years if normal
C. No screening needed until age 70
D. Screen only if BMI <20 kg/m²