NREMT EMR EXAM PREP TEST BANK 2 NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
500+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)PLUS
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+
Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B:the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C:the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D:they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood. - (Correct Answer)-• A:both
oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions, their
signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both oxygen and
glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by a lack of oxygen to a
part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas hypoglycemia (low blood
glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In either case, the patient presents with
signs of impaired brain function (ie, slurred speech, weakness, altered mental status). Both
conditions may lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated promptly.
When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST concerned with:
• A:gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B:safely transporting to the hospital.
• C:whether the patient could harm you.
• D:obtaining a complete medical history. - (Correct Answer)-You selected C; This is correct!
, 2
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your primary
concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital is your ultimate
goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history and should take any of the
patient's prescribed medications to the hospital. However, this should not supercede your
own safety or interfere with safely transporting the patient.
You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt
to rescue him should include:
• A:rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B:reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C:throwing a rope to the victim.
• D:swimming to the victim to rescue him. - (Correct Answer)-You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include
"reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the victim by
having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is unsuccessful, throw the
victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are not available, row to the patient
in a small raft (if available). Going into the water to retrieve the victim is a last resort. The
rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients who are in danger of drowning are in a
state of blind panic and will make every attempt to keep themselves afloat, even if it means
forcing the rescuer underwater.
How should you classify a patient's nature of illness if he or she has a low blood glucose level,
bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing?
• A:Behavioral emergency
• B:Altered mental status
, 3
• C:Respiratory emergency
• D:Cardiac compromise - (Correct Answer)-The correct answer is B;
Reason: The nature of illness (NOI) is the medical equivalent to mechanism of injury
(MOI). Altered mental status should be the suspected NOI in any patient with any
fluctuation in level of consciousness, which can range from bizarre behavior to complete
unresponsiveness. Causes of an altered mental status include hypo- or hyperglycemia, head
trauma, stroke, behavioral crises, drug overdose, and shock, among others.
A young female is unresponsive after overdosing on an unknown type of drug. Her respirations
are slow and shallow and her pulse is slow and weak. Which of the following drugs is the
LEAST likely cause of her condition?
• A:Seconal
• B:Heroin
• C:Cocaine
• D:Valium - (Correct Answer)-The correct answer is C;
Reason: Of the drugs listed, cocaine would be the least likely cause of the patient's
condition. Cocaine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant; you would expect her to be
hypertensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and perhaps even violent. Heroin, Valium, and
Seconal are all CNS depressants and could explain her condition. Heroin is an illegal
narcotic (opiate), Valium is a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, and Seconal is a
barbiturate. Narcotics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates are all CNS depressants. When
taken in excess, they cause a decreased level of consciousness, respiratory depression,
bradycardia, and hypotension.
, 4
Activated charcoal is contraindicated for a patient who is:
• A:conscious and alert and has ingested a large amount of Motrin.
• B:emotionally upset and has ingested two bottles of aspirin.
• C:agitated and claims to have ingested a bottle of Tylenol.
• D:awake and alert and has swallowed a commercial drain cleaner. - (Correct Answer)-You
selected D; This is correct!
Reason:Activated charcoal adsorbs (sticks to) many ingested substances, preventing them
from being absorbed into the body by the stomach or intestines. In some cases, you may
give activated charcoal to patients who have ingested certain substances, if approved by
medical control or local protocol. Activated charcoal is contraindicated for patients who
have ingested an acid or alkali (ie, drain cleaner) or a petroleum product (ie, gasoline), who
have a decreased level of consciousness and cannot protect their own airway, or who are
unable to swallow.
The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection is to:
• A:move away from a cold object.
• B:increase metabolism by shivering.
• C:wear a thick wind-proof jacket.
• D:move to a warmer environment. - (Correct Answer)-you selected D; This is correct!
Reason:In a cold environment, the body has two ways of staying warm: generating heat
(thermogenesis) and reducing heat loss. Radiation is the transfer of heat by radiant energy.
The body can lose heat by radiation, such as when a person stands in a cold room.
Convection occurs when heat is transferred to circulating air, as when cool air moves across
500+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)PLUS
RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+
Hypoglycemia and acute ischemic stroke can present similarly because:
• A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
• B:the majority of stroke patients have a history of diabetes.
• C:the most common cause of a stroke is hypoglycemia.
• D:they are both caused by low levels of glucose in the blood. - (Correct Answer)-• A:both
oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
Reason: Although stroke and hypoglycemia are two distinctly different conditions, their
signs and symptoms are often similar. This is because the brain requires both oxygen and
glucose to function normally. An acute ischemic stroke is caused by a lack of oxygen to a
part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery, whereas hypoglycemia (low blood
glucose level) deprives the entire brain of glucose. In either case, the patient presents with
signs of impaired brain function (ie, slurred speech, weakness, altered mental status). Both
conditions may lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated promptly.
When dealing with an emotionally disturbed patient, you should be MOST concerned with:
• A:gathering all of the patient's medications.
• B:safely transporting to the hospital.
• C:whether the patient could harm you.
• D:obtaining a complete medical history. - (Correct Answer)-You selected C; This is correct!
, 2
Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or psychiatric crisis, your primary
concern is your own safety. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital is your ultimate
goal. If possible, you should attempt to obtain a medical history and should take any of the
patient's prescribed medications to the hospital. However, this should not supercede your
own safety or interfere with safely transporting the patient.
You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt
to rescue him should include:
• A:rowing a small raft to the victim.
• B:reaching for the victim with a long stick.
• C:throwing a rope to the victim.
• D:swimming to the victim to rescue him. - (Correct Answer)-You selected B; This is correct!
Reason: General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include
"reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the victim by
having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is unsuccessful, throw the
victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are not available, row to the patient
in a small raft (if available). Going into the water to retrieve the victim is a last resort. The
rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients who are in danger of drowning are in a
state of blind panic and will make every attempt to keep themselves afloat, even if it means
forcing the rescuer underwater.
How should you classify a patient's nature of illness if he or she has a low blood glucose level,
bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing?
• A:Behavioral emergency
• B:Altered mental status
, 3
• C:Respiratory emergency
• D:Cardiac compromise - (Correct Answer)-The correct answer is B;
Reason: The nature of illness (NOI) is the medical equivalent to mechanism of injury
(MOI). Altered mental status should be the suspected NOI in any patient with any
fluctuation in level of consciousness, which can range from bizarre behavior to complete
unresponsiveness. Causes of an altered mental status include hypo- or hyperglycemia, head
trauma, stroke, behavioral crises, drug overdose, and shock, among others.
A young female is unresponsive after overdosing on an unknown type of drug. Her respirations
are slow and shallow and her pulse is slow and weak. Which of the following drugs is the
LEAST likely cause of her condition?
• A:Seconal
• B:Heroin
• C:Cocaine
• D:Valium - (Correct Answer)-The correct answer is C;
Reason: Of the drugs listed, cocaine would be the least likely cause of the patient's
condition. Cocaine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant; you would expect her to be
hypertensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and perhaps even violent. Heroin, Valium, and
Seconal are all CNS depressants and could explain her condition. Heroin is an illegal
narcotic (opiate), Valium is a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, and Seconal is a
barbiturate. Narcotics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates are all CNS depressants. When
taken in excess, they cause a decreased level of consciousness, respiratory depression,
bradycardia, and hypotension.
, 4
Activated charcoal is contraindicated for a patient who is:
• A:conscious and alert and has ingested a large amount of Motrin.
• B:emotionally upset and has ingested two bottles of aspirin.
• C:agitated and claims to have ingested a bottle of Tylenol.
• D:awake and alert and has swallowed a commercial drain cleaner. - (Correct Answer)-You
selected D; This is correct!
Reason:Activated charcoal adsorbs (sticks to) many ingested substances, preventing them
from being absorbed into the body by the stomach or intestines. In some cases, you may
give activated charcoal to patients who have ingested certain substances, if approved by
medical control or local protocol. Activated charcoal is contraindicated for patients who
have ingested an acid or alkali (ie, drain cleaner) or a petroleum product (ie, gasoline), who
have a decreased level of consciousness and cannot protect their own airway, or who are
unable to swallow.
The MOST obvious way to reduce heat loss from radiation and convection is to:
• A:move away from a cold object.
• B:increase metabolism by shivering.
• C:wear a thick wind-proof jacket.
• D:move to a warmer environment. - (Correct Answer)-you selected D; This is correct!
Reason:In a cold environment, the body has two ways of staying warm: generating heat
(thermogenesis) and reducing heat loss. Radiation is the transfer of heat by radiant energy.
The body can lose heat by radiation, such as when a person stands in a cold room.
Convection occurs when heat is transferred to circulating air, as when cool air moves across
