AQA AS LEVEL BIOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ what are biological molecules? Answer: molecules made and used by
living organisms eg. lipids, carbs, DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions
◉ what are the functions of carbohydrates? Answer: -energy source
(respiration)
-energy store (starch and glycogen)
-structure (cellulose)
◉ ATP structure? Answer: 1 adenosine 3 phosphates
ADP and energy= ATP
condensation reaction using ATP synthase
carries energy in bonds
hydrolysis breaks down into ADP and energy using ATP hydrolase
releases energy from phosphate group bonds
◉ what are the building blocks of carbohydrates called? Answer:
monosaccharides
,◉ why is ATP a good source of energy? Answer: immediate release,
only need to break one bond
releases small amounts of energy at a time, manageable
◉ examples of monosaccharides Answer: glucose, fructose, galactose
◉ uses of ATP? Answer: protein synthesis
organelle synthesis
dna replication
mitosis
active transport
metabolic reactions
movement
homeostasis
◉ formula for monosaccharides? Answer: c6h12o6 -same formula but
arranged differently
◉ role of water in biology? Answer: acts as a habitat for organisms
make up cytoplasm, tissue fluid, blood, xylem and phloem
◉ water properties? Answer: dipolar
,partially positive hydrogen partially negative oxygen
so separate water molecules form hydrogen bonds with eachother
◉ difference between alpha and beta glucose? Answer: on carbon 1,
alpha glucose has an OH group on the bottom. beta glucose has it at the
top.
◉ how are monosaccharides joined together? Answer: condensation
reaction between 2 OH groups
◉ roles of water? Answer: -habitat, high shc so a lot of heat needs to be
applied before evaporation due to hydrogen bonds. ice is less dense than
water so floats up
-solvent, dipolar so separate solutes by charge depending on partial
charge. solute dissolves in water, useful for cytoplasm, diffusion and
active transport ect
-hydrostatic pressure, when pressurised, water provides a strong pushing
force particularly in mass flow. supports turgidity
-homeostasis, sweat on skin uses blood heat to evaporate, cooling
individual. sweat is made up of hydrogen bonds,stable structure, large
amount of heat to evaporate. LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION.
◉ bond in carbohydrate? Answer: glycosidic
◉ what are inorganic ions? Answer: salts or minerals
, don't contain carbon
eg sodium and chloride ions
◉ examples of disaccharides Answer: sucrose, lactose (glucose +
galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
◉ kingdoms of biology? Answer: animal, plant, bacteria, fungi,
protocista
animal and plant multicellular
others are microorganisms
viruses aren't living
all organisms made up of cells
◉ eukaryotic vs prokaryotic Answer: eukaryotic - membrane bound
organelles eg. nucleus
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes
◉ formula for disaccharides? Answer: c12h22o11
◉ what are the 2 forms of reproduction? Answer: sexual- 2 parents each
provide gamete which fuse to make zygote which develops into
organism
asexual- one parent to produce genetically identical offspring
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ what are biological molecules? Answer: molecules made and used by
living organisms eg. lipids, carbs, DNA, AT, water, inorganic ions
◉ what are the functions of carbohydrates? Answer: -energy source
(respiration)
-energy store (starch and glycogen)
-structure (cellulose)
◉ ATP structure? Answer: 1 adenosine 3 phosphates
ADP and energy= ATP
condensation reaction using ATP synthase
carries energy in bonds
hydrolysis breaks down into ADP and energy using ATP hydrolase
releases energy from phosphate group bonds
◉ what are the building blocks of carbohydrates called? Answer:
monosaccharides
,◉ why is ATP a good source of energy? Answer: immediate release,
only need to break one bond
releases small amounts of energy at a time, manageable
◉ examples of monosaccharides Answer: glucose, fructose, galactose
◉ uses of ATP? Answer: protein synthesis
organelle synthesis
dna replication
mitosis
active transport
metabolic reactions
movement
homeostasis
◉ formula for monosaccharides? Answer: c6h12o6 -same formula but
arranged differently
◉ role of water in biology? Answer: acts as a habitat for organisms
make up cytoplasm, tissue fluid, blood, xylem and phloem
◉ water properties? Answer: dipolar
,partially positive hydrogen partially negative oxygen
so separate water molecules form hydrogen bonds with eachother
◉ difference between alpha and beta glucose? Answer: on carbon 1,
alpha glucose has an OH group on the bottom. beta glucose has it at the
top.
◉ how are monosaccharides joined together? Answer: condensation
reaction between 2 OH groups
◉ roles of water? Answer: -habitat, high shc so a lot of heat needs to be
applied before evaporation due to hydrogen bonds. ice is less dense than
water so floats up
-solvent, dipolar so separate solutes by charge depending on partial
charge. solute dissolves in water, useful for cytoplasm, diffusion and
active transport ect
-hydrostatic pressure, when pressurised, water provides a strong pushing
force particularly in mass flow. supports turgidity
-homeostasis, sweat on skin uses blood heat to evaporate, cooling
individual. sweat is made up of hydrogen bonds,stable structure, large
amount of heat to evaporate. LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION.
◉ bond in carbohydrate? Answer: glycosidic
◉ what are inorganic ions? Answer: salts or minerals
, don't contain carbon
eg sodium and chloride ions
◉ examples of disaccharides Answer: sucrose, lactose (glucose +
galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
◉ kingdoms of biology? Answer: animal, plant, bacteria, fungi,
protocista
animal and plant multicellular
others are microorganisms
viruses aren't living
all organisms made up of cells
◉ eukaryotic vs prokaryotic Answer: eukaryotic - membrane bound
organelles eg. nucleus
prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes
◉ formula for disaccharides? Answer: c12h22o11
◉ what are the 2 forms of reproduction? Answer: sexual- 2 parents each
provide gamete which fuse to make zygote which develops into
organism
asexual- one parent to produce genetically identical offspring
