NUTRITION FOR HEALTHY LIVING
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
absorbtion - process by which substances are taken up form the GI tract an
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
AMDRs (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) - macronutrient
intake ranges that are nutritionally adequate and may reduce the risk of diet-
related chronic diseases
acids - substances that donate hydrogen ions
acid-base balance - maintaining the proper pH of body fluids
acid group - acid portion of a compound
added sugars - sugars added to foods during processing or preparation
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - high-energy compound, by-product of ATP
use
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - high-energy compound that stores energy,
major direct energy source for cells
Adequate Intakes (AIs) - dietary recommendations that assume a
populations' average daily nutrient intakes are adequate because no
deficiency diseases are present
adipose cells - fat cells; specialized cells that store fat
adolescence - life stage in which a child matures physically into an adult
aerobic - conditions that require free oxygen
,aerobic exercise - physical activity that involve sustained, rhythmic
contractions of large muscle groups
air displacement - method of estimating body composition by determining
body volume
aldosterone - hormone that participates in sodium and water conservation
alpha-linolenic acid - an essential fatty acid
alpha-tocopherol - vitamin E
alternative sweeteners - substances that sweeten foods while providing few
or no kilocalories
amino acids - nitrogen-containing chemical units that comprise proteins
amino or nitrogen containing group - portion of an amino acid that contains
nitrogen
anaerobic - conditions that lack free oxygen
anatomy - scientific study of cells and other body structures
anecdotes - reports of personal experiences
anemia - disorder characterized by too few red blood cells and poor oxygen
transport in blood
anencephaly - type of neural tube defect in which the brain does not form
properly or is missing
anorexia nerviosa (AN) - severe psychological disturbance characterized by
self-imposed starvation
antibodies - infection-fighting protein
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - hormone that participates in water
conservation
antioxidant - substance that protects other compounds from being damaged
or destroyed by certain factors
appetite - desire to eat appealing food
arteries - vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteriosclerosis - condition that results from atherosclerosis and is
characterized by loss of arterial flexibility
ascorbic acid - vitamin C
atherosclerosis - long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside
arterial walls
bacteria - simple single-celled microorganisms
bariatric medicine - medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of
obesity
basal metabolism - minimal number of calories the body uses to support vital
activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours
bases - substances that accept hydrogen ions
beriberi - thiamin deficiency disease
beta-carotene - carotenoid that the body can convert to vitamin A
bile - emulsifier that aids lipid digestion
bioavailability - extent to which the digestive tract absorbs a nutrient and how
well the body uses it
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
absorbtion - process by which substances are taken up form the GI tract an
enter the bloodstream or the lymph
AMDRs (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) - macronutrient
intake ranges that are nutritionally adequate and may reduce the risk of diet-
related chronic diseases
acids - substances that donate hydrogen ions
acid-base balance - maintaining the proper pH of body fluids
acid group - acid portion of a compound
added sugars - sugars added to foods during processing or preparation
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - high-energy compound, by-product of ATP
use
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - high-energy compound that stores energy,
major direct energy source for cells
Adequate Intakes (AIs) - dietary recommendations that assume a
populations' average daily nutrient intakes are adequate because no
deficiency diseases are present
adipose cells - fat cells; specialized cells that store fat
adolescence - life stage in which a child matures physically into an adult
aerobic - conditions that require free oxygen
,aerobic exercise - physical activity that involve sustained, rhythmic
contractions of large muscle groups
air displacement - method of estimating body composition by determining
body volume
aldosterone - hormone that participates in sodium and water conservation
alpha-linolenic acid - an essential fatty acid
alpha-tocopherol - vitamin E
alternative sweeteners - substances that sweeten foods while providing few
or no kilocalories
amino acids - nitrogen-containing chemical units that comprise proteins
amino or nitrogen containing group - portion of an amino acid that contains
nitrogen
anaerobic - conditions that lack free oxygen
anatomy - scientific study of cells and other body structures
anecdotes - reports of personal experiences
anemia - disorder characterized by too few red blood cells and poor oxygen
transport in blood
anencephaly - type of neural tube defect in which the brain does not form
properly or is missing
anorexia nerviosa (AN) - severe psychological disturbance characterized by
self-imposed starvation
antibodies - infection-fighting protein
, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - hormone that participates in water
conservation
antioxidant - substance that protects other compounds from being damaged
or destroyed by certain factors
appetite - desire to eat appealing food
arteries - vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteriosclerosis - condition that results from atherosclerosis and is
characterized by loss of arterial flexibility
ascorbic acid - vitamin C
atherosclerosis - long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside
arterial walls
bacteria - simple single-celled microorganisms
bariatric medicine - medical specialty that focuses on the treatment of
obesity
basal metabolism - minimal number of calories the body uses to support vital
activities after fasting and resting for 12 hours
bases - substances that accept hydrogen ions
beriberi - thiamin deficiency disease
beta-carotene - carotenoid that the body can convert to vitamin A
bile - emulsifier that aids lipid digestion
bioavailability - extent to which the digestive tract absorbs a nutrient and how
well the body uses it
