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AAO Exam 1 Objectives Questions
with Detailed Verified Answers
Describe how the body is divided into segments and how that
relates to the concept of arthrokinematic motion. Ans: Body is
divided into segments according to bones (e.g. head, neck, trunk,
thorax, abdomen, UE, LE)
Arthrokinematic motion: the relationship of joint surface
movement (e.g. spin, glide, and roll)
Describe and give examples (both inside and outside the body) of
both linear and angular motion. Ans: Linear motion: sprinter
running in a straight line and the diaphragm moving downwards
during inhalation
Angular motion: LAQ
Define osteokinematics as it relates to joint motion and
differentiate the terms used to describe joint motion throughout
the body (e.g., flexion, extension). Ans: Osteokinematics is the
relationship of movement of bones around a joint axis
e.g. humerus moving on scapula
Differentiate the axial and appendicular skeletons. Ans: Axial:
cranium, face, vertebral column, and thorax
Appendicular: UE and LE
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Recognize the different types of bones found in the body Ans:
Long bones: clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals,
phalanges, femur, fibula, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges
Short bones: carpals and tarsals
Flat bones: scapula, cranial bones (frontal, parietal, occipital,
temporal), ribs, sternum
Irregular bones: innominate, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible
and facial bones
Sesamoid: Patella
define broad categories of bone markings (depression and
openings, projections or processes). Ans: DEPRESSION/OPENINGS
1. FORAMEN: hole thru blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
2. FOSSA: hollow or depression
3.GROOVE: ditchlike groove containing a tendon or blood vessel
4.MEATUS: canal or tubelike opening in a bone
5.SINUS:air-filled cavity within a bone
PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES (FIT INTO JOINTS)
1. CONDYLE: rounded knuckle like projection
2. EMINENCE: projecting, prominent part of bone
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3.FACET: flat or shallow articular surface
4.HEAD: rounded articular projection beyond a narrow, necklace
portion of bone
PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES (ATTACH TO TENDONS, LIGAMENTS,
CONNECTIVE TISSUES)
1. CREST: sharp ridge or border
2. EPICONDYLE: prominence above or on a condyle
3.LINE: less prominent ridge
4.SPINE: long, thin projection
5.TUBERCLE: small rounded projection
6.TIBEROSITY: large rounded projection
7.TROCHANTER: very large prominence for muscle attachment
Osteoporosis Ans: a condition characterized by loss of normal
bone density. More severe than osteopenia
Osteomyelitis Ans: an infection of the bone usually caused by
bacteria. Open fractures cause a greater risk of developing this
than closed fxs
Slipped capital femoral ephysis Ans: occurs when the head of the
femur becomes displaced due to a separation at the growth
plate
AAO Exam 1 Objectives Questions
with Detailed Verified Answers
Describe how the body is divided into segments and how that
relates to the concept of arthrokinematic motion. Ans: Body is
divided into segments according to bones (e.g. head, neck, trunk,
thorax, abdomen, UE, LE)
Arthrokinematic motion: the relationship of joint surface
movement (e.g. spin, glide, and roll)
Describe and give examples (both inside and outside the body) of
both linear and angular motion. Ans: Linear motion: sprinter
running in a straight line and the diaphragm moving downwards
during inhalation
Angular motion: LAQ
Define osteokinematics as it relates to joint motion and
differentiate the terms used to describe joint motion throughout
the body (e.g., flexion, extension). Ans: Osteokinematics is the
relationship of movement of bones around a joint axis
e.g. humerus moving on scapula
Differentiate the axial and appendicular skeletons. Ans: Axial:
cranium, face, vertebral column, and thorax
Appendicular: UE and LE
, Page | 2
Recognize the different types of bones found in the body Ans:
Long bones: clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals,
phalanges, femur, fibula, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges
Short bones: carpals and tarsals
Flat bones: scapula, cranial bones (frontal, parietal, occipital,
temporal), ribs, sternum
Irregular bones: innominate, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible
and facial bones
Sesamoid: Patella
define broad categories of bone markings (depression and
openings, projections or processes). Ans: DEPRESSION/OPENINGS
1. FORAMEN: hole thru blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass
2. FOSSA: hollow or depression
3.GROOVE: ditchlike groove containing a tendon or blood vessel
4.MEATUS: canal or tubelike opening in a bone
5.SINUS:air-filled cavity within a bone
PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES (FIT INTO JOINTS)
1. CONDYLE: rounded knuckle like projection
2. EMINENCE: projecting, prominent part of bone
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3.FACET: flat or shallow articular surface
4.HEAD: rounded articular projection beyond a narrow, necklace
portion of bone
PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES (ATTACH TO TENDONS, LIGAMENTS,
CONNECTIVE TISSUES)
1. CREST: sharp ridge or border
2. EPICONDYLE: prominence above or on a condyle
3.LINE: less prominent ridge
4.SPINE: long, thin projection
5.TUBERCLE: small rounded projection
6.TIBEROSITY: large rounded projection
7.TROCHANTER: very large prominence for muscle attachment
Osteoporosis Ans: a condition characterized by loss of normal
bone density. More severe than osteopenia
Osteomyelitis Ans: an infection of the bone usually caused by
bacteria. Open fractures cause a greater risk of developing this
than closed fxs
Slipped capital femoral ephysis Ans: occurs when the head of the
femur becomes displaced due to a separation at the growth
plate
