NCLEX RN Review 2023 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!(PART 2)
,Platelets, Hemoglobin, activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), Prothrombin time
(PT, & International Normalized Ratio (INR) - ANSWER Platelets: determines bleeding
risk
Hemoglobin: main component of RBC's --> acts as a vehicle for oxygen transportation
aPTT: tests clotting time of plasma with thromboplastin --> used to monitor
effectiveness of heparin therapy
PT: amount of time it takes for a clot to form
INR: used to monitor effectiveness of warfarin
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) - ANSWER glucose control over past 3 months
TRUE OR FALSE: clients with increased cholesterol, LDL & triglycerides & decreased
HDL are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease - ANSWER TRUE
Potassium & Sodium - ANSWER POTASSIUM
-functions in cell metabolism, cardiac & neuromuscular function. Excretion through
kidneys is regulated by aldosterone
- increased in Addison's disease, DKA, tissue destruction, renal failure
- decreased in Cushing's syndrome, diarrhea, diuretics, vomiting, pyloric obstruction
SODIUM
- maintains serum osmolality & determines fluid shift between spaces. Kidneys retain or
excrete in response to vascular volume
- increased in dehydration, impaired renal function, aldosteronism, corticosteroid use
- decreased in Addison's disease, DKA, diuretics, excessive loss from GI tract,
excessive perspiration
Blood products - ANSWER Platelets: used for thrombocytopenia or prolonged
hemorrhage
Whole blood: used to replace RBC mass & plasma volume, raise Hb & Hct
, Albumin: expands blood volume, treats hypoproteinemia
Fresh Frozen Plasma: replaces plasma, contains coagulation factors, helps control
bleeding
Cryoprecipitate: replaces fibrinogen & coagulation factors
Universal Donor= A, Universal Recipient= B - ANSWER A= O-
B= AB+
Stroke: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER Hemorrhagic strokes have RAPID onset of
symptoms compared to ischemic strokes.
- headache ("worst headache of my life"), sensory changes
- N & V, altered LOC, one-sided weakness (face, arm, leg)
- slurred/impaired speech, deviation of eyes
- abnormal posturing, fixed pupils
Stroke: Right Vs Left - ANSWER Right-sided Stroke
- affects left side of body; left-side paralysis & neglect
- rapid performance, short attention span, impulsivity
- impaired judgement, impaired time concepts
- spatial-perceptual deficits, safety risk!
Left-sided stroke
- affects right side of body; right side paralysis
- impaired speech/language!
- slow performance, cautious, aware of deficits, mood swings
- impaired comprehension related to math & language
Stroke - Act FAST - ANSWER Face: symmetry/drooping
Arms: grip strength bilaterally equal?, arms able to raise in front at same height?
Speech: slurred? confused?
Time: note time symptoms started or when last normal
Stroke Diagnosis - ANSWER INR & PTT may be helpful for establishing baseline levels
if anticoagulation therapy is needed
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!(PART 2)
,Platelets, Hemoglobin, activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), Prothrombin time
(PT, & International Normalized Ratio (INR) - ANSWER Platelets: determines bleeding
risk
Hemoglobin: main component of RBC's --> acts as a vehicle for oxygen transportation
aPTT: tests clotting time of plasma with thromboplastin --> used to monitor
effectiveness of heparin therapy
PT: amount of time it takes for a clot to form
INR: used to monitor effectiveness of warfarin
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) - ANSWER glucose control over past 3 months
TRUE OR FALSE: clients with increased cholesterol, LDL & triglycerides & decreased
HDL are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease - ANSWER TRUE
Potassium & Sodium - ANSWER POTASSIUM
-functions in cell metabolism, cardiac & neuromuscular function. Excretion through
kidneys is regulated by aldosterone
- increased in Addison's disease, DKA, tissue destruction, renal failure
- decreased in Cushing's syndrome, diarrhea, diuretics, vomiting, pyloric obstruction
SODIUM
- maintains serum osmolality & determines fluid shift between spaces. Kidneys retain or
excrete in response to vascular volume
- increased in dehydration, impaired renal function, aldosteronism, corticosteroid use
- decreased in Addison's disease, DKA, diuretics, excessive loss from GI tract,
excessive perspiration
Blood products - ANSWER Platelets: used for thrombocytopenia or prolonged
hemorrhage
Whole blood: used to replace RBC mass & plasma volume, raise Hb & Hct
, Albumin: expands blood volume, treats hypoproteinemia
Fresh Frozen Plasma: replaces plasma, contains coagulation factors, helps control
bleeding
Cryoprecipitate: replaces fibrinogen & coagulation factors
Universal Donor= A, Universal Recipient= B - ANSWER A= O-
B= AB+
Stroke: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER Hemorrhagic strokes have RAPID onset of
symptoms compared to ischemic strokes.
- headache ("worst headache of my life"), sensory changes
- N & V, altered LOC, one-sided weakness (face, arm, leg)
- slurred/impaired speech, deviation of eyes
- abnormal posturing, fixed pupils
Stroke: Right Vs Left - ANSWER Right-sided Stroke
- affects left side of body; left-side paralysis & neglect
- rapid performance, short attention span, impulsivity
- impaired judgement, impaired time concepts
- spatial-perceptual deficits, safety risk!
Left-sided stroke
- affects right side of body; right side paralysis
- impaired speech/language!
- slow performance, cautious, aware of deficits, mood swings
- impaired comprehension related to math & language
Stroke - Act FAST - ANSWER Face: symmetry/drooping
Arms: grip strength bilaterally equal?, arms able to raise in front at same height?
Speech: slurred? confused?
Time: note time symptoms started or when last normal
Stroke Diagnosis - ANSWER INR & PTT may be helpful for establishing baseline levels
if anticoagulation therapy is needed
