PNR 315 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS.
What is epidemiology? - ANS The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of
populations, answering 'what, who, where, when, how, and why.'
Who are three historical figures significant to the development of epidemiology? -
ANS Hippocrates, John Snow, and Florence Nightingale.
What are the key epidemiological terms? - ANS Morbidity, mortality, incidence, prevalence,
endemic, epidemic, pandemic.
What does the epidemiological triangle consist of? - ANS Agent, host, and environment.
What is the goal of prevention and control programs for communicable diseases? - ANS To
reduce the prevalence of a disease to a level where it no longer poses a public health problem.
What is the difference between elimination and eradication of a disease? - ANS Elimination is
the removal of a disease from a large geographic area, while eradication is the permanent
elimination of a disease worldwide.
What are the three factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases? -
ANS The host, the infectious agent, and the environment.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are the four main categories of infectious agents? - ANS Bacteria, fungi, parasites, and
viruses.
What is herd immunity? - ANS The resistance of a group of people to the invasion and spread
of an infectious agent.
What is vertical transmission? - ANS The passing of an infection from parent to offspring
through various means such as sperm, placenta, or milk.
What is horizontal transmission? - ANS The person-to-person spread of infection through
direct or indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector-borne methods.
What is the incubation period? - ANS The time interval between invasion by an infectious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms of the disease.
What is the communicable period? - ANS The time during which an infectious agent may be
transferred from an infected person to another person.
What is the difference between infection and disease? - ANS Infection is the entry and
multiplication of an infectious agent in a host, while disease is a possible outcome of infection
indicating physiological dysfunction.
What is primary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce the incidence of disease through health
promotion and education.
What is secondary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce the prevalence of disease or diminish
morbidity through early diagnosis and treatment.
What is tertiary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce complications and disabilities related to
disease through treatment and rehabilitation.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS.
What is epidemiology? - ANS The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of
populations, answering 'what, who, where, when, how, and why.'
Who are three historical figures significant to the development of epidemiology? -
ANS Hippocrates, John Snow, and Florence Nightingale.
What are the key epidemiological terms? - ANS Morbidity, mortality, incidence, prevalence,
endemic, epidemic, pandemic.
What does the epidemiological triangle consist of? - ANS Agent, host, and environment.
What is the goal of prevention and control programs for communicable diseases? - ANS To
reduce the prevalence of a disease to a level where it no longer poses a public health problem.
What is the difference between elimination and eradication of a disease? - ANS Elimination is
the removal of a disease from a large geographic area, while eradication is the permanent
elimination of a disease worldwide.
What are the three factors that influence the transmission of communicable diseases? -
ANS The host, the infectious agent, and the environment.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are the four main categories of infectious agents? - ANS Bacteria, fungi, parasites, and
viruses.
What is herd immunity? - ANS The resistance of a group of people to the invasion and spread
of an infectious agent.
What is vertical transmission? - ANS The passing of an infection from parent to offspring
through various means such as sperm, placenta, or milk.
What is horizontal transmission? - ANS The person-to-person spread of infection through
direct or indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector-borne methods.
What is the incubation period? - ANS The time interval between invasion by an infectious
agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms of the disease.
What is the communicable period? - ANS The time during which an infectious agent may be
transferred from an infected person to another person.
What is the difference between infection and disease? - ANS Infection is the entry and
multiplication of an infectious agent in a host, while disease is a possible outcome of infection
indicating physiological dysfunction.
What is primary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce the incidence of disease through health
promotion and education.
What is secondary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce the prevalence of disease or diminish
morbidity through early diagnosis and treatment.
What is tertiary prevention? - ANS Efforts to reduce complications and disabilities related to
disease through treatment and rehabilitation.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
