NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM AND TEST
BANK NEWEST VERSION COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY) 2025/2026
Pathophysiology - Answer-Study of the body's response to dysfunction
Disease - Answer-Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
Etiology - Answer-The cause of a disease
Clinical manifestations - Answer-Symptoms and chief complaints
Morphological changes - Answer-Structural changes that are a result of the
disease process
Etiological factors - Answer-Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional
excess or deficiency, genetic factors
What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? - Answer-Size: atrophy and
hypertrophy
,Number: hyperplasia
Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
Intercellular accumulation - Answer-Results from normal substances, abnormal
endogenous or exogenous products
Dystrophic pathological calcification - Answer-In injured tissue, dead cells create
calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB
What are causes of edema? - Answer-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
(fluid moves from capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins
causing fluid to leak into tissues)
Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into
surrounding tissues)
Lymph obstruction
What are the functions of Na as a cation? - Answer-Neuromuscular irritability, acid
base balance through the exchange of water and bicarb, chemical reactions and
membrane transport
Hypernatremia - Answer-Na>147
Intercellular dehydration, convulsions, pulmonary edema, hypotension,
tachycardia, pruny fingers
Hyponatremia - Answer-Na<135
, Creates: Hypoosmolality, cellular swelling, dry mucous membranes, peripherial
edema, muscle weakness and seizures
Causes: low intake, fluid overload (dilutional hyponatremia) and high circulating
protein levels (hypoosmolar hyponatremia)
What are the functions of K as a cation? - Answer-Regulation of electrical
neutrality, transmission and conduction, cardiac rhythm and muscle contraction
Hypokalemia - Answer-K<3.5
Metastatic Pathological Calcifications - Answer-Caused by an increase of serum
calcium levels in non-injured tissue
Chemical injuries - Answer-Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol,
mercury, street drugs
Asphyxiation injuries - Answer-Suffocation, strangulation, drowning
Hypoxic injuries - Answer-Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
What does cellular aging cause? - Answer-Atrophy, decreased functioning
Isotonic solutions - Answer-Will cause no change to cells
0.9% saline
BANK NEWEST VERSION COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY) 2025/2026
Pathophysiology - Answer-Study of the body's response to dysfunction
Disease - Answer-Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
Etiology - Answer-The cause of a disease
Clinical manifestations - Answer-Symptoms and chief complaints
Morphological changes - Answer-Structural changes that are a result of the
disease process
Etiological factors - Answer-Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional
excess or deficiency, genetic factors
What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? - Answer-Size: atrophy and
hypertrophy
,Number: hyperplasia
Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
Intercellular accumulation - Answer-Results from normal substances, abnormal
endogenous or exogenous products
Dystrophic pathological calcification - Answer-In injured tissue, dead cells create
calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB
What are causes of edema? - Answer-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
(fluid moves from capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins
causing fluid to leak into tissues)
Increase in capillary permeability (inflammation causes fluid to leak into
surrounding tissues)
Lymph obstruction
What are the functions of Na as a cation? - Answer-Neuromuscular irritability, acid
base balance through the exchange of water and bicarb, chemical reactions and
membrane transport
Hypernatremia - Answer-Na>147
Intercellular dehydration, convulsions, pulmonary edema, hypotension,
tachycardia, pruny fingers
Hyponatremia - Answer-Na<135
, Creates: Hypoosmolality, cellular swelling, dry mucous membranes, peripherial
edema, muscle weakness and seizures
Causes: low intake, fluid overload (dilutional hyponatremia) and high circulating
protein levels (hypoosmolar hyponatremia)
What are the functions of K as a cation? - Answer-Regulation of electrical
neutrality, transmission and conduction, cardiac rhythm and muscle contraction
Hypokalemia - Answer-K<3.5
Metastatic Pathological Calcifications - Answer-Caused by an increase of serum
calcium levels in non-injured tissue
Chemical injuries - Answer-Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol,
mercury, street drugs
Asphyxiation injuries - Answer-Suffocation, strangulation, drowning
Hypoxic injuries - Answer-Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
What does cellular aging cause? - Answer-Atrophy, decreased functioning
Isotonic solutions - Answer-Will cause no change to cells
0.9% saline
