CORRECT WELL DETAILED
Alveolar air volume - ANSWER amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange
(approx. 350 ml. For adult male) Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space - ANSWER anatomic dead space are structures that hold air but but
can't participate in gas exchange. Physiologic dead space are alveoli or capillaries destroyed
by disease
Expiratory reserve volume - ANSWER amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at
the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume - ANSWER amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in
addition to a normal breaths tidal volume
Internal respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow - ANSWER the greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume - ANSWER after maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining
not able to be expelled
Tidal volume - ANSWER amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
1
,Minute volume - ANSWER amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping - ANSWER a respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance.
Angle of Louis - ANSWER angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the
second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia - ANSWER total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea - ANSWER respiratory arrest
Atelectasis - ANSWER abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of CO2 and O2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device - ANSWER thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina - ANSWER where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi - ANSWER rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in
larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor - ANSWER harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi) - ANSWER inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on
inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
2
, Crackles (rales) - ANSWER wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of
fluid in smaller airways
Croup - ANSWER viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze - ANSWER whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biot's respirations - ANSWER irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea
from increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations - ANSWER slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation - ANSWER similar to kussmaul respirations, deep
and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER a pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth
of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the
cycle repeats.
Hering-Breuer reflex - ANSWER a reflex that limits inspiration and prevents over
inflation
Hiccup - ANSWER spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor - ANSWER not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor - ANSWER aggressively spreads
3
Alveolar air volume - ANSWER amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange
(approx. 350 ml. For adult male) Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space - ANSWER anatomic dead space are structures that hold air but but
can't participate in gas exchange. Physiologic dead space are alveoli or capillaries destroyed
by disease
Expiratory reserve volume - ANSWER amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at
the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume - ANSWER amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in
addition to a normal breaths tidal volume
Internal respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow - ANSWER the greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume - ANSWER after maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining
not able to be expelled
Tidal volume - ANSWER amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
1
,Minute volume - ANSWER amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping - ANSWER a respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance.
Angle of Louis - ANSWER angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the
second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia - ANSWER total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea - ANSWER respiratory arrest
Atelectasis - ANSWER abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of CO2 and O2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device - ANSWER thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina - ANSWER where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi - ANSWER rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in
larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor - ANSWER harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi) - ANSWER inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on
inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
2
, Crackles (rales) - ANSWER wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of
fluid in smaller airways
Croup - ANSWER viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze - ANSWER whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biot's respirations - ANSWER irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea
from increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations - ANSWER slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation - ANSWER similar to kussmaul respirations, deep
and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER a pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth
of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the
cycle repeats.
Hering-Breuer reflex - ANSWER a reflex that limits inspiration and prevents over
inflation
Hiccup - ANSWER spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor - ANSWER not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor - ANSWER aggressively spreads
3
