HCC A&P 1 Departmental Final Review Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update
2026/2027
What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? - Answers plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
nucleus
Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to
hormones and neurotransmitters? - Answers receptors
Plasma membranes are ________, which means that some chemicals move easily through
plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. - Answers selectively permeable
In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across
the membrane against their own concentration gradients. - Answers active transport
Which of the following transport process uses secretory vesicles formed in Golgi complex to
release their contents out of the cell membrane into the extracellular space? - Answers
exocytosis
Spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a ________, which is a whip-like
structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte. - Answers flagellum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
destined for other regions of the cell? - Answers Golgi complex
The major function of mitochondria is to - Answers generate ATP.
This structure binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated
into a polypeptide chain during translation. - Answers tRNA
During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent
migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage
furrow also begins to develop during this phase. - Answers interphase
Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma
membrane? a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane
b) mass of the diffusing chemical
c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse
d) amount of ATP available
e) temperature - Answers amount of ATP available
A patient would be infused with a _______ solution in order to ultimately relieve excess interstitial
fluid in the brain. - Answers hypertonic
,What other organelle besides the nucleus contain DNA? - Answers mitochondrion
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are
involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in
detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver? - Answers peroxisomes
During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins -
Answers interphase
Mitosis is: - Answers produces two identical cells
Phagocytosis is the mechanism of action of this cell of the immune system to protect from
microbes: - Answers Macrophages
The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions
in the human body are - Answers protons, neutrons, and electrons.
This is the name given to a positively charged atom. - Answers cation
This type of chemical reaction will release more energy than it absorbs. - Answers exergonic
An enzyme acts to - Answers lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
The human blood is - Answers alkaline.
Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle
and liver cells? - Answers glycogen
Which of the following is the major function of DNA? - Answers long-term storage of
information for protein synthesis
Loss of protein structure as in fried eggs is called: - Answers denaturation.
Na + Cl → Nacl is a general example of a(n) _____ reaction. - Answers synthesis
The basic units of nucleic acids are nucleotides, composed of - Answers nitrogenous base,
phosphate, pentose sugar
This is the study of the body structures - Answers anatomy
This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. - Answers metabolism
The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the - Answers nervous and
endocrine systems.
The composition of this body fluid, which fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues. -
Answers interstitial fluid
, This is the structure of a feedback system that sends input to the control center. - Answers
stimulus
Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or
measured by a clinician are referred to as - Answers symptoms
This plane divides the body into equal right and left portions. - Answers sagittal
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin? - Answers inguinal
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high
frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy? - Answers
ultrasound scanning
Which of these regions contains the gall bladder? - Answers Right hypochondriac
Epithelial tissue - Answers is used as a covering of body surfaces, is used as a lining of body
cavities and hollow organs, is used to form glands, usually has a free surface that interacts with
external environment **e) All of these answer choices are correct.
This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. - Answers Stratified
squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
a) Bone
b) Blood
c) Cartilage
d) Tendons
e) Muscle - Answers Muscle
The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue. -
Answers Dense irregular connective tissue
Which following types of cells are able to produce electrical signals? - Answers myofibers and
neurons
Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of a tissue that is the
result of an decrease in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue? - Answers atrophy
These cells found distributed among different types of connective tissue that produce collagen
fibers are called - Answers fibroblasts.
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of epithelial tissues? - Answers Large
2026/2027
What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? - Answers plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
nucleus
Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to
hormones and neurotransmitters? - Answers receptors
Plasma membranes are ________, which means that some chemicals move easily through
plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. - Answers selectively permeable
In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across
the membrane against their own concentration gradients. - Answers active transport
Which of the following transport process uses secretory vesicles formed in Golgi complex to
release their contents out of the cell membrane into the extracellular space? - Answers
exocytosis
Spermatozoa is the only type of human cell that contains a ________, which is a whip-like
structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte. - Answers flagellum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
destined for other regions of the cell? - Answers Golgi complex
The major function of mitochondria is to - Answers generate ATP.
This structure binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated
into a polypeptide chain during translation. - Answers tRNA
During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent
migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage
furrow also begins to develop during this phase. - Answers interphase
Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma
membrane? a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane
b) mass of the diffusing chemical
c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse
d) amount of ATP available
e) temperature - Answers amount of ATP available
A patient would be infused with a _______ solution in order to ultimately relieve excess interstitial
fluid in the brain. - Answers hypertonic
,What other organelle besides the nucleus contain DNA? - Answers mitochondrion
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are
involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in
detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver? - Answers peroxisomes
During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins -
Answers interphase
Mitosis is: - Answers produces two identical cells
Phagocytosis is the mechanism of action of this cell of the immune system to protect from
microbes: - Answers Macrophages
The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions
in the human body are - Answers protons, neutrons, and electrons.
This is the name given to a positively charged atom. - Answers cation
This type of chemical reaction will release more energy than it absorbs. - Answers exergonic
An enzyme acts to - Answers lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
The human blood is - Answers alkaline.
Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle
and liver cells? - Answers glycogen
Which of the following is the major function of DNA? - Answers long-term storage of
information for protein synthesis
Loss of protein structure as in fried eggs is called: - Answers denaturation.
Na + Cl → Nacl is a general example of a(n) _____ reaction. - Answers synthesis
The basic units of nucleic acids are nucleotides, composed of - Answers nitrogenous base,
phosphate, pentose sugar
This is the study of the body structures - Answers anatomy
This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. - Answers metabolism
The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the - Answers nervous and
endocrine systems.
The composition of this body fluid, which fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues. -
Answers interstitial fluid
, This is the structure of a feedback system that sends input to the control center. - Answers
stimulus
Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or
measured by a clinician are referred to as - Answers symptoms
This plane divides the body into equal right and left portions. - Answers sagittal
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin? - Answers inguinal
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high
frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy? - Answers
ultrasound scanning
Which of these regions contains the gall bladder? - Answers Right hypochondriac
Epithelial tissue - Answers is used as a covering of body surfaces, is used as a lining of body
cavities and hollow organs, is used to form glands, usually has a free surface that interacts with
external environment **e) All of these answer choices are correct.
This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. - Answers Stratified
squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
a) Bone
b) Blood
c) Cartilage
d) Tendons
e) Muscle - Answers Muscle
The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue. -
Answers Dense irregular connective tissue
Which following types of cells are able to produce electrical signals? - Answers myofibers and
neurons
Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of a tissue that is the
result of an decrease in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue? - Answers atrophy
These cells found distributed among different types of connective tissue that produce collagen
fibers are called - Answers fibroblasts.
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of epithelial tissues? - Answers Large
