BIOL331 / BIOL 331 Module 8 (Latest Update 2026 / 2027) Pathophysiology | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning

BIOL331 / BIOL 331 Module 8
(Latest Update )
Pathophysiology | Questions &
Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct -
Portage Learning

Renal Disorders & Fluid / Electrolyte Dysfunction




Question:
Major electrolytes that contribute to fluid balance: (4)
Answer:


Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+

,Question:
Normal plasma Na+ concentration range:
Answer:
135-145 mEq/L




Question:
Hyponatremia occurs when plasma concentration of Na+:
Answer:
Falls below 135 mEq/L




Question:
Hyponatremia can present as _____ or _____
Answer:
Hypertonic, Hypotonic




Question:
Hypotonic hyponatremia is caused by:
Answer:
Water retention.

,Question:
Hypertonic hyponatremia occurs when:


Notably when does it occur?


Why?
Answer:
Water shifts from intracellular fluid (ICF) to the ECF.


-Occurs during hyperglycemia
Na+ plasma levels are increased in an attempt to correct glucose levels.


ECF Na+ is diluted as water moves out of the cells in response to elevated
glucose.




Question:
3 Classifications of Hyponatremia:
Answer:
1. Hypovolemic
2. Hypervolemic
3. Euvolemic

, Question:
Hypovolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia occurs when:


Common cause?
Other causes?
Answer:
Water and Na+ are lost.


Excessive sweating
Adrenal disease, decreased aldosterone levels.




Question:
Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia occurs when:


Conditions that cause?
Answer:
Hyponatremia is accompanied by edema.


Heart failure, liver disease, renal disease.