SCIENCES OA ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED
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Chemistry: - Answer-The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their
interactions to form various substances.
Physics: - Answer-The study of forces, energy and motion.
Earth Science: - Answer-This field focuses on Earth's structure and composition, as
well as the processes that change Earth, such as volcanic and seismic activity.
Physical Science: - Answer-The scientific study of nonliving matter. Ex: chemistry,
physics, and Earth science.
Astronomy: - Answer-The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.
Controlled Experiment: - Answer-An experiment in which only one variable is
manipulated at a time..
Independent Variable: - Answer-The variable that is manipulated in an
experiment.
,Dependent Variable: - Answer-The outcome factor; the variable that may change
in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Control Variable: - Answer-A variable that is kept constant during a controlled
experiment.
Joules: - Answer-SI units of work and energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy: - Answer-The energy that an object has due to its
height above the ground: increases with mass.
Chemical Potential Energy: - Answer-Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in
a substance.
Ex: food, gasoline.
Elastic Potential Energy: - Answer-Energy that is stored in stretched springs,
rubber bands, and similar
objects.
Electrical Energy: - Answer-Energy that is carried by moving charged particles.
Ex: electrons
Law of Conservation of Energy: - Answer-States that energy cannot be created or
destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another.
,Thermal Energy: - Answer-Energy produced by the motions of atoms and
molecules.
Ex: temperature
Observational Study: - Answer-The systems are observed as they appear in nature
and researchers do not attempt to change them.
Laboratory Experiment: - Answer-Researchers study the system of interest in a
highly controlled artificial setting (lab).
Physical Model: - Answer-A physical representation of an object. Ex: Scaled down
version of the solar system.
Conceptual Model: - Answer-A verbal or graphical explanation for how a system
works or is organized. Ex: posters, charts.
Mathematical Model: - Answer-Uses different forms of data to represent the way
a system or process works. Ex: formulas, graphs, mathematical means. Ex: F=ma
(formula).
Computer Model: - Answer-A computer program that models an event or object.
Important in explaining and predicting natural phenomena. Ex: weather patterns,
solar system.
, Principle of Falsification: - Answer-Principle that only falsifiable statements can be
subject to scientific inquiry.
Hypothesis: - Answer-A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
Theory: - Answer-A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of
data.
Law: - Answer-A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and
repeated experiments. Describes a widespread pattern in nature. Intended to be
universal.
Scientific Investigation: - Answer-Scientists test their ideas with a variety of
different types of investigations. Ex: laboratories, controlled experiments,
astronomy, field studies, models.
SI System: - Answer-International System of units based on the metric system and
units derived from the metric system.
Base Quantities: - Answer-Seven designated physical quantities (sets) from which
all other SI quantities can be derived.
(1) Meter (m)-length
(2) Kilogram (k)-mass
(3) Second (s)-time
(4) Kelvin (K)-temperature