BIOS-251: EXAM 1 REVIEW COMPREHENSIVE TEST PREP
| UPDATED FOR 2025–2026
The study of human structure - Anatomy
The study of human function - Physiology
A tendency for organisms to maintain a balanced or constant internal state - Homeostasis
A state of balance - Equilibrium
Consequences of homeostatic imbalance - Illness or death
Thermoregulation Process -
A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by reversing that change, or by
decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring. (Ex. thermoregulation) - Negative
Feedback Loop
A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by amplifying that change. (Ex.
childbirth) - Positive Feedback Loop
Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect homeostasis - Stimuli
Detects and sends messages to the control center - Receptors
, Processes the signal, alerts the effector about the detected change, and gives instructions -
Control Center
An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus; handles the issue - Effector
Divides a human body into anterior and posterior sections - Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane
Divides the human body into equal left and right sections - Midsagittal Plane
Divides the human body in half, creating two sections; top and bottom - Transverse or
Horizontal Plane
Parallel plane next to the midsagittal plane - Parasaggittal Plane
Plane cut at an angle - Oblique
Midline of body - Medial
Away from midline - Lateral
Towards the head - Superior
Towards the feet - Inferior
Closer to the body or point of attachment - Proximal
Away from point of attachment - Distal
| UPDATED FOR 2025–2026
The study of human structure - Anatomy
The study of human function - Physiology
A tendency for organisms to maintain a balanced or constant internal state - Homeostasis
A state of balance - Equilibrium
Consequences of homeostatic imbalance - Illness or death
Thermoregulation Process -
A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by reversing that change, or by
decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring. (Ex. thermoregulation) - Negative
Feedback Loop
A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by amplifying that change. (Ex.
childbirth) - Positive Feedback Loop
Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect homeostasis - Stimuli
Detects and sends messages to the control center - Receptors
, Processes the signal, alerts the effector about the detected change, and gives instructions -
Control Center
An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus; handles the issue - Effector
Divides a human body into anterior and posterior sections - Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane
Divides the human body into equal left and right sections - Midsagittal Plane
Divides the human body in half, creating two sections; top and bottom - Transverse or
Horizontal Plane
Parallel plane next to the midsagittal plane - Parasaggittal Plane
Plane cut at an angle - Oblique
Midline of body - Medial
Away from midline - Lateral
Towards the head - Superior
Towards the feet - Inferior
Closer to the body or point of attachment - Proximal
Away from point of attachment - Distal
