MSIS 2103 ACTUAL 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Innovation - ✔✔Application of new ideas to products, processes, and activities of a
firm to increase value, profits, and competitive advantage.
✔✔Sustaining innovation - ✔✔Enhancements to existing products, services, and ways
of operating that maintain or improve current performance.
✔✔Disruptive innovation - ✔✔Innovation that initially offers lower performance than
market expectations but eventually reshapes or disrupts the market.
✔✔Digital transformation (DTX) - ✔✔Significant modification of existing products,
services, and procedures using information systems to create new value and efficiency
in the customer experience.
✔✔Technology acceptance model (TAM) - ✔✔Model that explains user acceptance of a
new information system based on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.
✔✔Perceived usefulness (TAM) - ✔✔Degree to which an individual believes using a
system will improve their performance.
✔✔Perceived ease of use (TAM) - ✔✔Degree to which an individual believes a system
will be easy to learn and use.
✔✔Diffusion of innovation theory - ✔✔Theory explaining how a new idea or product
gains acceptance and spreads through a population over time.
✔✔Innovators (adopter category) - ✔✔Risk-takers who are first to try new products and
ideas; strategy is to give them access and let them explore.
✔✔Early adopters (adopter category) - ✔✔Opinion leaders who recognize the need for
change; strategy is to assist them in getting started.
✔✔Early majority (adopter category) - ✔✔Group that follows opinion leaders; strategy is
to provide evidence and success stories.
✔✔Late majority (adopter category) - ✔✔Skeptical group that adopts after most others;
strategy is to show how many have used it successfully.
✔✔Laggards (adopter category) - ✔✔Very conservative and highly skeptical of change;
strategy is to have peers demonstrate benefits and apply social pressure.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Innovation - ✔✔Application of new ideas to products, processes, and activities of a
firm to increase value, profits, and competitive advantage.
✔✔Sustaining innovation - ✔✔Enhancements to existing products, services, and ways
of operating that maintain or improve current performance.
✔✔Disruptive innovation - ✔✔Innovation that initially offers lower performance than
market expectations but eventually reshapes or disrupts the market.
✔✔Digital transformation (DTX) - ✔✔Significant modification of existing products,
services, and procedures using information systems to create new value and efficiency
in the customer experience.
✔✔Technology acceptance model (TAM) - ✔✔Model that explains user acceptance of a
new information system based on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.
✔✔Perceived usefulness (TAM) - ✔✔Degree to which an individual believes using a
system will improve their performance.
✔✔Perceived ease of use (TAM) - ✔✔Degree to which an individual believes a system
will be easy to learn and use.
✔✔Diffusion of innovation theory - ✔✔Theory explaining how a new idea or product
gains acceptance and spreads through a population over time.
✔✔Innovators (adopter category) - ✔✔Risk-takers who are first to try new products and
ideas; strategy is to give them access and let them explore.
✔✔Early adopters (adopter category) - ✔✔Opinion leaders who recognize the need for
change; strategy is to assist them in getting started.
✔✔Early majority (adopter category) - ✔✔Group that follows opinion leaders; strategy is
to provide evidence and success stories.
✔✔Late majority (adopter category) - ✔✔Skeptical group that adopts after most others;
strategy is to show how many have used it successfully.
✔✔Laggards (adopter category) - ✔✔Very conservative and highly skeptical of change;
strategy is to have peers demonstrate benefits and apply social pressure.
