BURNS & PERFUSION Exam 4 Questions and
Verified Answers Detailed Answers Latest
Graded A+
The outer layer of the epidermis provides the most effective
barrier to penetration of the skin by environmental factors.
Which of the following is an example of penetration by an
environmental factor?
A. An insect bite
B. Dehydration
C. Sunburn
D. Excessive perspiration
ANS: A
Rationale: The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the epidermis,
provides the most effective barrier to both epidermal water loss
and penetration of environmental factors, such as chemicals,
microbes, insect bites, and other trauma. Dehydration, sunburn,
and excessive perspiration are not examples of penetration of an
environmental factor.
A nurse is reviewing gerontologic considerations relating to
the care of clients with dermatologic problems. What
vulnerability results from the age-related loss of
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Decreased resistance to ultraviolet radiation
B. Increased vulnerability to infection
C. Diminished protection of tissues and organs
D. Increased risk of skin malignancies
ANS: C
Rationale: Loss of the subcutaneous tissue substances of elastin,
,collagen, and fat diminishes the protection and cushioning of
underlying tissues and organs, decreases muscle tone, and
results in the loss of the insulating properties of fat. This age-
related change does not correlate to an increased vulnerability to
sun damage, infection, or cancer.
An 80-year-old client is brought to the clinic by one of the
client's children. The client asks the nurse why the client has
gotten so many "spots" on the skin. What would be an
appropriate response by the nurse?
A. "As people age, they normally develop uneven
pigmentation in their skin."
B. "These 'spots' are called 'liver spots' or 'age spots.'"
C. "Older skin is more apt to break down and tear, causing
sores."
D. "These are usually the result of nutritional deficits earlier
in life."
ANS: A
Rationale: The major changes in the skin of older people include
dryness, wrinkling, uneven pigmentation, and various proliferative
lesions. Stating the names of these spots and identifying older
adults' vulnerability to skin damage do not answer the question.
These lesions are not normally a result of nutritional imbalances.
A gerontologic nurse is teaching a group of nursing students
about integumentary changes that occur in older adults. How
should these students best integrate these changes into care
planning?
A. By avoiding the use of moisturizing lotions on older
adults' skin
B. By protecting older adults against shearing injuries
C. By avoiding the use of ice packs to treat muscle pain
,D. By protecting older adults against excessive sweat
accumulation
ANS: B
Rationale: Cellular changes associated with aging include
thinning at the junction of the dermis and epidermis, which
creates a risk for shearing injuries. Moisturizing lotions can be
safely used to address the increased dryness of older adults' skin.
Ice packs can be used, provided skin is assessed regularly and
the client possesses normal sensation. Older adults perspire
much less than younger adults, thus sweat accumulation is rarely
an issue.
A nurse is explaining the importance of sunlight on the skin
to a client with decreased mobility who
rarely leaves the house. The nurse would emphasize that
ultraviolet light helps to synthesize what vitamin?
A. E
B. D
C. A
D. C
ANS: B
Rationale: Skin exposed to ultraviolet light can convert
substances necessary for synthesizing vitamin D (cholecalciferol).
Vitamin D is essential for preventing rickets, a condition that
causes bone deformities and results from a deficiency of vitamin
D, calcium, and phosphorus.
An 82-year-old client is being treated in the hospital for a
sacral pressure ulcer. What age-related change is most likely
to affect the client's course of treatment?
A. Increased thickness of the subcutaneous skin layer
B. Increased vascular supply to superficial skin layers
C. Changes in the character and quantity of bacterial skin
, flora
D. Increased time required for wound healing
ANS: D
Rationale: Wound healing becomes slower with age, requiring
more time for older adults to recover from surgical and traumatic
wounds. There are no changes in skin flora with increased age.
Vascular supply and skin thickness both decrease with age.
A nurse is reviewing gerontologic considerations relating to
the care of clients with dermatologic problems. What
vulnerability results from the age-related loss of
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Decreased resistance to ultraviolet radiation
B. Increased vulnerability to infection
C. Diminished protection of tissues and organs
D. Increased risk of skin malignancies
ANS: C
Rationale: Loss of the subcutaneous tissue substances of elastin,
collagen, and fat diminishes the protection and cushioning of
underlying tissues and organs, decreases muscle tone, and
results in the loss of the insulating properties of fat. This age-
related change does not correlate to an increased vulnerability to
sun damage, infection, or cancer.
The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client who
has a raised, pruritic rash. The client denies taking any
prescription medication and denies any allergies. What
would be an appropriate question to ask this client at this
time?
A. "Is anyone in your family allergic to anything?"
B. "How long have you had this abrasion?"
C. "Do you take any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or herbal
Verified Answers Detailed Answers Latest
Graded A+
The outer layer of the epidermis provides the most effective
barrier to penetration of the skin by environmental factors.
Which of the following is an example of penetration by an
environmental factor?
A. An insect bite
B. Dehydration
C. Sunburn
D. Excessive perspiration
ANS: A
Rationale: The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the epidermis,
provides the most effective barrier to both epidermal water loss
and penetration of environmental factors, such as chemicals,
microbes, insect bites, and other trauma. Dehydration, sunburn,
and excessive perspiration are not examples of penetration of an
environmental factor.
A nurse is reviewing gerontologic considerations relating to
the care of clients with dermatologic problems. What
vulnerability results from the age-related loss of
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Decreased resistance to ultraviolet radiation
B. Increased vulnerability to infection
C. Diminished protection of tissues and organs
D. Increased risk of skin malignancies
ANS: C
Rationale: Loss of the subcutaneous tissue substances of elastin,
,collagen, and fat diminishes the protection and cushioning of
underlying tissues and organs, decreases muscle tone, and
results in the loss of the insulating properties of fat. This age-
related change does not correlate to an increased vulnerability to
sun damage, infection, or cancer.
An 80-year-old client is brought to the clinic by one of the
client's children. The client asks the nurse why the client has
gotten so many "spots" on the skin. What would be an
appropriate response by the nurse?
A. "As people age, they normally develop uneven
pigmentation in their skin."
B. "These 'spots' are called 'liver spots' or 'age spots.'"
C. "Older skin is more apt to break down and tear, causing
sores."
D. "These are usually the result of nutritional deficits earlier
in life."
ANS: A
Rationale: The major changes in the skin of older people include
dryness, wrinkling, uneven pigmentation, and various proliferative
lesions. Stating the names of these spots and identifying older
adults' vulnerability to skin damage do not answer the question.
These lesions are not normally a result of nutritional imbalances.
A gerontologic nurse is teaching a group of nursing students
about integumentary changes that occur in older adults. How
should these students best integrate these changes into care
planning?
A. By avoiding the use of moisturizing lotions on older
adults' skin
B. By protecting older adults against shearing injuries
C. By avoiding the use of ice packs to treat muscle pain
,D. By protecting older adults against excessive sweat
accumulation
ANS: B
Rationale: Cellular changes associated with aging include
thinning at the junction of the dermis and epidermis, which
creates a risk for shearing injuries. Moisturizing lotions can be
safely used to address the increased dryness of older adults' skin.
Ice packs can be used, provided skin is assessed regularly and
the client possesses normal sensation. Older adults perspire
much less than younger adults, thus sweat accumulation is rarely
an issue.
A nurse is explaining the importance of sunlight on the skin
to a client with decreased mobility who
rarely leaves the house. The nurse would emphasize that
ultraviolet light helps to synthesize what vitamin?
A. E
B. D
C. A
D. C
ANS: B
Rationale: Skin exposed to ultraviolet light can convert
substances necessary for synthesizing vitamin D (cholecalciferol).
Vitamin D is essential for preventing rickets, a condition that
causes bone deformities and results from a deficiency of vitamin
D, calcium, and phosphorus.
An 82-year-old client is being treated in the hospital for a
sacral pressure ulcer. What age-related change is most likely
to affect the client's course of treatment?
A. Increased thickness of the subcutaneous skin layer
B. Increased vascular supply to superficial skin layers
C. Changes in the character and quantity of bacterial skin
, flora
D. Increased time required for wound healing
ANS: D
Rationale: Wound healing becomes slower with age, requiring
more time for older adults to recover from surgical and traumatic
wounds. There are no changes in skin flora with increased age.
Vascular supply and skin thickness both decrease with age.
A nurse is reviewing gerontologic considerations relating to
the care of clients with dermatologic problems. What
vulnerability results from the age-related loss of
subcutaneous tissue?
A. Decreased resistance to ultraviolet radiation
B. Increased vulnerability to infection
C. Diminished protection of tissues and organs
D. Increased risk of skin malignancies
ANS: C
Rationale: Loss of the subcutaneous tissue substances of elastin,
collagen, and fat diminishes the protection and cushioning of
underlying tissues and organs, decreases muscle tone, and
results in the loss of the insulating properties of fat. This age-
related change does not correlate to an increased vulnerability to
sun damage, infection, or cancer.
The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client who
has a raised, pruritic rash. The client denies taking any
prescription medication and denies any allergies. What
would be an appropriate question to ask this client at this
time?
A. "Is anyone in your family allergic to anything?"
B. "How long have you had this abrasion?"
C. "Do you take any over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or herbal
