NSG 318 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Diarrhea causes - ✔✔Spoiled or spicy foods, fecal impaction, bacteria, viruses,
toxins, drug reactions, laxative abuse,
malabsorption syndrome, stress, anxiety, bowel tumor, inflammatory bowel disease.
✔✔Diarrhea non pharm methods - ✔✔clear liquids like gatorade/pedialyte and IV
electrolyte solutions.
✔✔types of antidiarrheals - ✔✔- Opiates
-Somastostatin analogues
- Adsorbents
- Misc.
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) classification - ✔✔Antidiarrheal
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) uses - ✔✔Treat diarrhea by slowing intestinal
motility
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) action - ✔✔inhibits gastric motility by calming
smooth muscle cells of GI tract.
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) Side effects - ✔✔Rash, flushing, euphoria, N/V,
restlessness
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) life threatening - ✔✔Paralytic ileus, toxic
megacolon, anaphylaxis
✔✔Causes of constipation - ✔✔Insufficient water intake, poor dietary habits, fecal
impaction, bowel obstruction, chronic laxative use, neurologic disorders (paraplegia),
ignoring use to defecate, lack of exercise, various drugs.
✔✔Non pharm treatment of constipation - ✔✔Diet (high fiber), water, exercise, routine
bowel habits
✔✔Cathartics use - ✔✔Promotes soft to watery stool with cramping
✔✔Purgatives use - ✔✔Promotes watery stool with cramping
✔✔Laxative use - ✔✔Promotes soft stool
✔✔Laxative types - ✔✔Osmotic (saline), bulk forming, stimulant (irritants), Emollient
(stool softeners).
, ✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) classification - ✔✔Stimulant laxative
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) mode of action - ✔✔Irritates sensory nerve endings in GI
mucosa = peristalsis and watery stool.
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) uses - ✔✔Bowel prep for diagnostics or surgery
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) results - ✔✔- Orally 6 - 8 hrs
- rectally 15 - 60 min
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) side effects - ✔✔Reddish Brown Urine, abdominal cramps, fluid
and electrolyte imbalance, weakness, nausea, diarrhea
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) classification - ✔✔Bulk-forming laxative
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) action - ✔✔- Absorb water into intestines
- increase bulk and peristalsis
- promote large, soft stools
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) administration - ✔✔- mix in with a glass of water or juice
- Stir and drink immediately
- Drink another glass of water after
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) side effects - ✔✔cramps, N/V, flatus, diarrhea, and not enough
fluid intake causes intestinal obstruction
✔✔Peptic ulcers - ✔✔Hypersecretion of HCl and Pepsin
Leads to a ph between 2 and 5
✔✔Non pharm tx of ulcers - ✔✔- Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and hot spicy greasy foods.
- Weight loss and loose fitting clothes
- Take NSAIDs and glucocorticoids with food
- sit upright during and after meals
- Do not eat before bed
✔✔Types of antiulcer drugs - ✔✔tranquilizers
anticholinergics
antacids
H2 blockers
proton pump inhibitors
pepsin inhibitors
prostaglandin E1 analog
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Diarrhea causes - ✔✔Spoiled or spicy foods, fecal impaction, bacteria, viruses,
toxins, drug reactions, laxative abuse,
malabsorption syndrome, stress, anxiety, bowel tumor, inflammatory bowel disease.
✔✔Diarrhea non pharm methods - ✔✔clear liquids like gatorade/pedialyte and IV
electrolyte solutions.
✔✔types of antidiarrheals - ✔✔- Opiates
-Somastostatin analogues
- Adsorbents
- Misc.
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) classification - ✔✔Antidiarrheal
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) uses - ✔✔Treat diarrhea by slowing intestinal
motility
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) action - ✔✔inhibits gastric motility by calming
smooth muscle cells of GI tract.
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) Side effects - ✔✔Rash, flushing, euphoria, N/V,
restlessness
✔✔Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine (Lomotil) life threatening - ✔✔Paralytic ileus, toxic
megacolon, anaphylaxis
✔✔Causes of constipation - ✔✔Insufficient water intake, poor dietary habits, fecal
impaction, bowel obstruction, chronic laxative use, neurologic disorders (paraplegia),
ignoring use to defecate, lack of exercise, various drugs.
✔✔Non pharm treatment of constipation - ✔✔Diet (high fiber), water, exercise, routine
bowel habits
✔✔Cathartics use - ✔✔Promotes soft to watery stool with cramping
✔✔Purgatives use - ✔✔Promotes watery stool with cramping
✔✔Laxative use - ✔✔Promotes soft stool
✔✔Laxative types - ✔✔Osmotic (saline), bulk forming, stimulant (irritants), Emollient
(stool softeners).
, ✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) classification - ✔✔Stimulant laxative
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) mode of action - ✔✔Irritates sensory nerve endings in GI
mucosa = peristalsis and watery stool.
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) uses - ✔✔Bowel prep for diagnostics or surgery
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) results - ✔✔- Orally 6 - 8 hrs
- rectally 15 - 60 min
✔✔Biscodyl (Ducolax) side effects - ✔✔Reddish Brown Urine, abdominal cramps, fluid
and electrolyte imbalance, weakness, nausea, diarrhea
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) classification - ✔✔Bulk-forming laxative
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) action - ✔✔- Absorb water into intestines
- increase bulk and peristalsis
- promote large, soft stools
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) administration - ✔✔- mix in with a glass of water or juice
- Stir and drink immediately
- Drink another glass of water after
✔✔Psyllium (Meamucil) side effects - ✔✔cramps, N/V, flatus, diarrhea, and not enough
fluid intake causes intestinal obstruction
✔✔Peptic ulcers - ✔✔Hypersecretion of HCl and Pepsin
Leads to a ph between 2 and 5
✔✔Non pharm tx of ulcers - ✔✔- Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and hot spicy greasy foods.
- Weight loss and loose fitting clothes
- Take NSAIDs and glucocorticoids with food
- sit upright during and after meals
- Do not eat before bed
✔✔Types of antiulcer drugs - ✔✔tranquilizers
anticholinergics
antacids
H2 blockers
proton pump inhibitors
pepsin inhibitors
prostaglandin E1 analog
