BIO 143 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔amenorrhea - ✔✔absence of menstrual flow
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔a muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and
provides the force that moves the bones
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the
body
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔muscle of the heart
✔✔sarcolemma - ✔✔muscle cell membrane
✔✔sarcoplasm - ✔✔cytoplasm of a muscle cell
✔✔sarcoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium
✔✔myofibrils - ✔✔microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle cells
✔✔myosin - ✔✔thick filament
✔✔actin - ✔✔thin filament
✔✔collagen fibers - ✔✔provides flexibility and strength
✔✔elastic fibers - ✔✔flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue
✔✔reticular fibers - ✔✔fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched;
form a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues
✔✔adipocytes - ✔✔fat cells
✔✔heparin - ✔✔anticoagulant
✔✔histamine - ✔✔chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased
permeability of capillaries
✔✔fibrocartilage - ✔✔cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of
the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord
✔✔elastic cartilage - ✔✔cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline
cartilage
, ✔✔hyaline cartilage - ✔✔most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long
bones, ribs, and nose
✔✔blood components - ✔✔red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
✔✔plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of blood
✔✔red blood cells - ✔✔erythrocytes; carry oxygen
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔leukocytes; fight infection
✔✔platelets - ✔✔thrombocytes, clot blood
✔✔red bone marrow - ✔✔found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
✔✔loose connective tissue - ✔✔surrounds various organs and supports both nerve
cells and blood vessels
✔✔adipose connective tissue - ✔✔acts as a storage depot for fat
✔✔dense regular connective tissue - ✔✔attaches muscles to bones or to muscles;
attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in
one direction; tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
✔✔dense irregular connective tissue - ✔✔able to withstand tension exerted in many
directions; provides structural strength; fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
✔✔elastic connective tissue - ✔✔allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains
pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration;
walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with vertebral column, within
the walls of the bronchial tubes
✔✔reticular connective tissue - ✔✔forms supporting tissue in walls of liver and spleen
✔✔nervous tissue - ✔✔a body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth
between the brain and every other part of the body
✔✔epithelial tissue - ✔✔a body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and
out
✔✔simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔amenorrhea - ✔✔absence of menstrual flow
✔✔skeletal muscle - ✔✔a muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and
provides the force that moves the bones
✔✔smooth muscle - ✔✔involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the
body
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔muscle of the heart
✔✔sarcolemma - ✔✔muscle cell membrane
✔✔sarcoplasm - ✔✔cytoplasm of a muscle cell
✔✔sarcoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium
✔✔myofibrils - ✔✔microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle cells
✔✔myosin - ✔✔thick filament
✔✔actin - ✔✔thin filament
✔✔collagen fibers - ✔✔provides flexibility and strength
✔✔elastic fibers - ✔✔flexible and "stretchy" fibers that add elasticity to tissue
✔✔reticular fibers - ✔✔fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched;
form a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues
✔✔adipocytes - ✔✔fat cells
✔✔heparin - ✔✔anticoagulant
✔✔histamine - ✔✔chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased
permeability of capillaries
✔✔fibrocartilage - ✔✔cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of collagen, such as that of
the intervertebral disks in the spinal cord
✔✔elastic cartilage - ✔✔cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline
cartilage
, ✔✔hyaline cartilage - ✔✔most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long
bones, ribs, and nose
✔✔blood components - ✔✔red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
✔✔plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of blood
✔✔red blood cells - ✔✔erythrocytes; carry oxygen
✔✔white blood cells - ✔✔leukocytes; fight infection
✔✔platelets - ✔✔thrombocytes, clot blood
✔✔red bone marrow - ✔✔found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
✔✔loose connective tissue - ✔✔surrounds various organs and supports both nerve
cells and blood vessels
✔✔adipose connective tissue - ✔✔acts as a storage depot for fat
✔✔dense regular connective tissue - ✔✔attaches muscles to bones or to muscles;
attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in
one direction; tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
✔✔dense irregular connective tissue - ✔✔able to withstand tension exerted in many
directions; provides structural strength; fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
✔✔elastic connective tissue - ✔✔allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains
pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration;
walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with vertebral column, within
the walls of the bronchial tubes
✔✔reticular connective tissue - ✔✔forms supporting tissue in walls of liver and spleen
✔✔nervous tissue - ✔✔a body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth
between the brain and every other part of the body
✔✔epithelial tissue - ✔✔a body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and
out
✔✔simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in
