Pathophysiology Final (HESI), Exam preview questions and answers. 100% comprehension.

when maintained well, maintains skin and mucous membranes and is also essential in reducing host susceptibility - nutrition pts with advanced cancer are often ____ - malnourished involves the administration of a nutrient mixture directly into a peripheral vein - total parenteral nutrition asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence which can be excused for other reasons - diverticulosis during acute episodes, food intake should be reduced along with antimicrobial drugs taken as needed; treated by increasing the bulk in the diet, omitting foods such as seeds or popcorn, and encouraging regular bowel movements without constipation - diverticulosis includes the pituitary gland, the two adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, the four parathyroid glands, the endocrine portion of the pancreas, the gonads, the pineal gland, and the thymus - endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood, in contrast to exocrine glands that secrete into a duct - endocrine glands chemical messengers that affect blood glucose levels, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone - hormones develops more frequently in patients with Type 2 diabetes; often the patient is an older person with an infection or one who has overindulged in carbs, thereby using more insulin than anticipated - HHNCcondition may be difficult to diagnose initially; severe cellular dehydration results in neurologic deficits, muscle weakness, difficulties with speech, and abnormal reflexes - HHNC hyperglycemia and dehydration develop because of the relative insulin deficit, but sufficient insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis - HHNC #1 nursing intervention with a patient who has HHNC is: - maintain a patent airway! low __ ___ is a risk factor for osteoporosis - bone mass have higher risk for osteoporosis - women 2 most critical stages of life in which osteoporosis can develop - children and elderly osteoporosis is common in older individuals, especially ____ women with ___ deficiency - postmenopausal, estrogen activity is less effective with advancing age - osteoblastic activity