Psych 230 Exam 3-Questions and Answers
2025/2026 Update | 100% Correct
what kind of mental state are emotions?
subjective because they are different for everyone! they include distinctive behaviors, feelings,
and involuntary physiological changes
sympathetic nervous system is...
"fight or flight" system; preparing the body for action ("s" for stress)
parasympathetic nervous system
prepares the body to relax and recuperate ("p" for peace)
folk wisdom (emotions theory)
says that automatic responses (like heart racing) are caused by emotions [issues: different
emotions evoke the same internal responses... so how can that truly be subjective]
James-lange theory (emotions theory)
the emotions we feel are CAUSED by bodily changes; emotions differ due to different
physiological responses [issues: there is no distinctive autonomic pattern for each emotion]
cannon-bard theory (emotions theory)
emotions and automatic responses occur SIMULTANEOUSLY so cerebral cortex interprets the
situations and tells the autonomic nervous system which emotional response is best
schachter's cognitive attribution model
,emotional labels (anger, fear, joy) are attributed to relatively nonspecific feelings of physical
arousal after cognitive evaluation of context (cognitive evaluation THEN automatic response)
[depends on cognitive systems]
what are Ekman's 8 distinctive emotions
anger, sadness, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt, and embarrassment
facial feedback hypothesis
facial expressions can effect our mood -- when you smile you feel a little happier
each emotion involves
different patterns of activation across a network of brain regions associated with emotion (the
limbic system)
Emotions are associated with bilateral changes in:
the insular, amygdala, caudate, putamen, cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex acitivity
Fear Conditioning
a form of classical conditioning where a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an
unpleasant experience (shock), causing the subject to associated fear with a previously neutral
stimulus
different emotions activate different regions of the brain
true
does testosterone increase agression in males
, yes
castration in males does what to aggressive behavior?
reduces it
serotonin and aggression have a negative correlation
true
a drug that enhances GABA transmission reduces aggressive behavior in males
true
stress activates 3 responses
neuroendocrine, immunological, and behavioral
allostasis
the process where the brain monitors and controls the neuroendocrine, immunological, and
behavioral responses and adjusts the physiological responses accordingly
allostatic load
the long-term negative impact of the stress response on the body (tissue damage, vulnerability to
disease)
what is the fastest pathway of stress (of the two)
fight or flight response [hypothalamus --> sympathetic NS --> adrenal medulla releases
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is the slower stress pathway (of the two)
2025/2026 Update | 100% Correct
what kind of mental state are emotions?
subjective because they are different for everyone! they include distinctive behaviors, feelings,
and involuntary physiological changes
sympathetic nervous system is...
"fight or flight" system; preparing the body for action ("s" for stress)
parasympathetic nervous system
prepares the body to relax and recuperate ("p" for peace)
folk wisdom (emotions theory)
says that automatic responses (like heart racing) are caused by emotions [issues: different
emotions evoke the same internal responses... so how can that truly be subjective]
James-lange theory (emotions theory)
the emotions we feel are CAUSED by bodily changes; emotions differ due to different
physiological responses [issues: there is no distinctive autonomic pattern for each emotion]
cannon-bard theory (emotions theory)
emotions and automatic responses occur SIMULTANEOUSLY so cerebral cortex interprets the
situations and tells the autonomic nervous system which emotional response is best
schachter's cognitive attribution model
,emotional labels (anger, fear, joy) are attributed to relatively nonspecific feelings of physical
arousal after cognitive evaluation of context (cognitive evaluation THEN automatic response)
[depends on cognitive systems]
what are Ekman's 8 distinctive emotions
anger, sadness, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt, and embarrassment
facial feedback hypothesis
facial expressions can effect our mood -- when you smile you feel a little happier
each emotion involves
different patterns of activation across a network of brain regions associated with emotion (the
limbic system)
Emotions are associated with bilateral changes in:
the insular, amygdala, caudate, putamen, cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex acitivity
Fear Conditioning
a form of classical conditioning where a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an
unpleasant experience (shock), causing the subject to associated fear with a previously neutral
stimulus
different emotions activate different regions of the brain
true
does testosterone increase agression in males
, yes
castration in males does what to aggressive behavior?
reduces it
serotonin and aggression have a negative correlation
true
a drug that enhances GABA transmission reduces aggressive behavior in males
true
stress activates 3 responses
neuroendocrine, immunological, and behavioral
allostasis
the process where the brain monitors and controls the neuroendocrine, immunological, and
behavioral responses and adjusts the physiological responses accordingly
allostatic load
the long-term negative impact of the stress response on the body (tissue damage, vulnerability to
disease)
what is the fastest pathway of stress (of the two)
fight or flight response [hypothalamus --> sympathetic NS --> adrenal medulla releases
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is the slower stress pathway (of the two)
