HESI PN OB HESI PN PEDIATRICS, HESI PN
MATERNITY EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% CORRECT| well
Explained|
Which physiological difference is present in a 3 month old infant that affects oral
drug absorption rates?
a) variable pancreatic enzyme activity
b) more acidic gastric secretions
c) more rapid peristaltic activity
d) an accelerated gastric emptying rate - ANSWER -ANSWER: A
Rationale:
Pancreatic enzyme activity (A) is variable in infants for the first 3 months of life as
the Gi system matures. The gastric secretions of infants are less acidic than those
of older children or adults, not (B). Intestinal motility and gastric emptying rate
tend to be slower in infants, not (C and D).
The practical nurse (PN) is preparing to administer an intramuscular immunization
to a 6 month old infant. What site should the PN select?
a) dorsogluteal
b) ventrogluteal
c) deltoid
d) vastus lateralis - ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
The vastus lateralis (D) has minimal nerves or blood vessels and is the best site for
intramuscular (IM) injections in children younger than 3 years of age. The deltoid
muscle (C) is a small muscle mass that accommodates small volumes, less than 0.5
mL, and is not recommended for IM use in young children. The gluteal muscles (A
,and B) are used as an injection site in children whose musculature develops after
walking.
The mother of a young child with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) who needs
insulin injections at home tells the practical nurse (PN) that she is afraid she does
not know what to do properly. Which action is most important for the PN
implement to decrease the mother's apprehension?
a) have the mother verbalize the importance of follow up care
b) help the mother devise a schedule for rotating the injections
c) observe the mother while she administers an insulin injection
d) review the side effects of insulin with the mother - ANSWER -ANSWER: C
Rationale:
Observing the mother's ability to give the insulin injection (C) provides an
opportunity to reinforce information & provide validation to increase the mother's
confidence and relieve apprehension about caring for her child with DM. (A, B,
and D) are of less priority than (C).
Which first aid action should the practical nurse implement for a child who has
sustained a second degree thermal burn?
a) apply petroleum jelly to the burned skin
b) apply ice to the burned area
c) immerse the burned area in cold water
d) break any blisters that are present - ANSWER -ANSWER: C
Rationale:
First aid treatment of a second degree thermal burn is immersion of the burned area
in cold water (C) to halt the burning process. (A, B, and D) are not indicated due
tot he risk of increased skin damage or infection.
What information should the practical nurse (PN) reinforce with the parents of a 3
month old infant about liquid medication administration?
,a) pour the medication into a small cup and allow the infant to drink it
b) place the medication in a nipple and have infant suck the nipple
c) administer the medication with a dropper to the back of the infant's tongue
d) use an oral syringe to place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth -
ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
An oral syringe is a useful device for measuring small quantities of medications for
infants. The syringe is placed in the side of the mouth. (B) increases the amount of
air the infant swallows, which cause excessive gas. (B and D) increase the risk for
aspiration.
What action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when caring for a dying
child and the family?
a) Provide adequate oral intake on a regular schedule
b) Organize care to minimize contact that interrupts rests
c) Allow family to give basic care when the child is alert
d) Tell family to continue talking to the child until time of death - ANSWER -
ANSWER: D
Rationale:
Families should be encouraged to talk to the child because the sense of hearing is
acute until death (D), and verbal communication and physical touch provide
comfort for both the family and child. When a child is dying, comfort is based on
measures that respond to the child's requests beyond a regular schedule for fluids
(A). Nursing care should minimize disruptions but not contact (B). family
involvement in the basic care of the child should continue throughout the child's
dying process, not only when the child is alert (C).
A 2 year old child who is hospitalized has become withdrawn and quiet on the
fourth day after admission. The parent expresses concern about this change in
behavior. Which explanation should the practical nurse (PN) provide? The child is
a) Experiencing the despair stage of separation
, b) Detaching emotionally from the family
c) Protesting the separation from the parents
d) Adjusting to hospitalization - ANSWER -ANSWER: A
Rationale:
In the despair stage of separation (A), the child exhibits signs of hopelessness and
becomes quiet, withdrawn, and apathetic. Toddlers do not readily "adjust" to
hospitalization (D) and separation from caregivers. During the detachment stage
(B) which occurs after prolonged separation, the child becomes interested in the
environment and begins to play. In the protest stage (C), the child is likely to cry
and resist care by others, and is inconsolable.
A 3 year old boy cries, kicks, and clings to his father when the parents try to leave
the hospital room. The parents express their concern to the practical nurse (PN).
What response should the PN provide?
a) "It is not helpful for parents to stay with children during hospitalization."
b) "Your child's behavior indicates a need for a psychological consultation."
c) "You can avoid this if you wait to leave after your child falls asleep."
d) "Your child is showing a normal response to the stress of hospitalization." -
ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
The child is exhibiting a healthy attachment to the father (D). Leaving while your
child is asleep creates mistrust in the child (C). To minimize the child's stress
hospital policy often require someone to stay with their child during
hospitalization, not (A). The child's behavior represents the protest stage of
separation and does not represent maladaptive behavior (B).
Which action is best for the practical nurse (PN) to implement to help a 7 year old
child cope with a lengthy course of IV antibiotics therapy?
a) give the child stickers for cooperative behavior
b) arrange for the child to go to the playroom daily
c) ask the child to draw a picture about himself
MATERNITY EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% CORRECT| well
Explained|
Which physiological difference is present in a 3 month old infant that affects oral
drug absorption rates?
a) variable pancreatic enzyme activity
b) more acidic gastric secretions
c) more rapid peristaltic activity
d) an accelerated gastric emptying rate - ANSWER -ANSWER: A
Rationale:
Pancreatic enzyme activity (A) is variable in infants for the first 3 months of life as
the Gi system matures. The gastric secretions of infants are less acidic than those
of older children or adults, not (B). Intestinal motility and gastric emptying rate
tend to be slower in infants, not (C and D).
The practical nurse (PN) is preparing to administer an intramuscular immunization
to a 6 month old infant. What site should the PN select?
a) dorsogluteal
b) ventrogluteal
c) deltoid
d) vastus lateralis - ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
The vastus lateralis (D) has minimal nerves or blood vessels and is the best site for
intramuscular (IM) injections in children younger than 3 years of age. The deltoid
muscle (C) is a small muscle mass that accommodates small volumes, less than 0.5
mL, and is not recommended for IM use in young children. The gluteal muscles (A
,and B) are used as an injection site in children whose musculature develops after
walking.
The mother of a young child with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) who needs
insulin injections at home tells the practical nurse (PN) that she is afraid she does
not know what to do properly. Which action is most important for the PN
implement to decrease the mother's apprehension?
a) have the mother verbalize the importance of follow up care
b) help the mother devise a schedule for rotating the injections
c) observe the mother while she administers an insulin injection
d) review the side effects of insulin with the mother - ANSWER -ANSWER: C
Rationale:
Observing the mother's ability to give the insulin injection (C) provides an
opportunity to reinforce information & provide validation to increase the mother's
confidence and relieve apprehension about caring for her child with DM. (A, B,
and D) are of less priority than (C).
Which first aid action should the practical nurse implement for a child who has
sustained a second degree thermal burn?
a) apply petroleum jelly to the burned skin
b) apply ice to the burned area
c) immerse the burned area in cold water
d) break any blisters that are present - ANSWER -ANSWER: C
Rationale:
First aid treatment of a second degree thermal burn is immersion of the burned area
in cold water (C) to halt the burning process. (A, B, and D) are not indicated due
tot he risk of increased skin damage or infection.
What information should the practical nurse (PN) reinforce with the parents of a 3
month old infant about liquid medication administration?
,a) pour the medication into a small cup and allow the infant to drink it
b) place the medication in a nipple and have infant suck the nipple
c) administer the medication with a dropper to the back of the infant's tongue
d) use an oral syringe to place the medication in the side of the infant's mouth -
ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
An oral syringe is a useful device for measuring small quantities of medications for
infants. The syringe is placed in the side of the mouth. (B) increases the amount of
air the infant swallows, which cause excessive gas. (B and D) increase the risk for
aspiration.
What action should the practical nurse (PN) implement when caring for a dying
child and the family?
a) Provide adequate oral intake on a regular schedule
b) Organize care to minimize contact that interrupts rests
c) Allow family to give basic care when the child is alert
d) Tell family to continue talking to the child until time of death - ANSWER -
ANSWER: D
Rationale:
Families should be encouraged to talk to the child because the sense of hearing is
acute until death (D), and verbal communication and physical touch provide
comfort for both the family and child. When a child is dying, comfort is based on
measures that respond to the child's requests beyond a regular schedule for fluids
(A). Nursing care should minimize disruptions but not contact (B). family
involvement in the basic care of the child should continue throughout the child's
dying process, not only when the child is alert (C).
A 2 year old child who is hospitalized has become withdrawn and quiet on the
fourth day after admission. The parent expresses concern about this change in
behavior. Which explanation should the practical nurse (PN) provide? The child is
a) Experiencing the despair stage of separation
, b) Detaching emotionally from the family
c) Protesting the separation from the parents
d) Adjusting to hospitalization - ANSWER -ANSWER: A
Rationale:
In the despair stage of separation (A), the child exhibits signs of hopelessness and
becomes quiet, withdrawn, and apathetic. Toddlers do not readily "adjust" to
hospitalization (D) and separation from caregivers. During the detachment stage
(B) which occurs after prolonged separation, the child becomes interested in the
environment and begins to play. In the protest stage (C), the child is likely to cry
and resist care by others, and is inconsolable.
A 3 year old boy cries, kicks, and clings to his father when the parents try to leave
the hospital room. The parents express their concern to the practical nurse (PN).
What response should the PN provide?
a) "It is not helpful for parents to stay with children during hospitalization."
b) "Your child's behavior indicates a need for a psychological consultation."
c) "You can avoid this if you wait to leave after your child falls asleep."
d) "Your child is showing a normal response to the stress of hospitalization." -
ANSWER -ANSWER: D
Rationale:
The child is exhibiting a healthy attachment to the father (D). Leaving while your
child is asleep creates mistrust in the child (C). To minimize the child's stress
hospital policy often require someone to stay with their child during
hospitalization, not (A). The child's behavior represents the protest stage of
separation and does not represent maladaptive behavior (B).
Which action is best for the practical nurse (PN) to implement to help a 7 year old
child cope with a lengthy course of IV antibiotics therapy?
a) give the child stickers for cooperative behavior
b) arrange for the child to go to the playroom daily
c) ask the child to draw a picture about himself
