Anthropology Exam 2 (40+ Questions) | Human Variation, Adaptation, Primates, Evolutionary Theory | 2025

This A+ graded document features 40+ verified exam questions and answers from Anthropology Exam 2 (2025/2026), providing a concise yet complete review of biological anthropology topics. It explores the evolutionary mechanisms behind human biological diversity, emphasizing genetic polymorphism, adaptation to environmental stressors, and primate classification. Key concepts include polymorphism, balanced polymorphism, gene flow, natural selection, and evolutionary fitness (e.g., sickle cell trait and malaria resistance). The document also addresses human physiological adaptation through Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules, developmental acclimatization, and high-altitude respiration (hyperventilation). Students will find coverage of taxonomy vs. systematics, phylogenetics, and early primate evolution theories such as the arboreal theory, visual predation theory, and fruit-eating theory. The guide concludes with primate traits, dental formulas, and behavioral patterns across New World and Old World monkeys. Relevant for: – Students in Anthropology, Biology, Evolutionary Science, or Human Physiology – Courses such as Biological Anthropology, Human Variation, Primatology, or Human Evolution – Learners preparing for midterm or final assessments in anthropology-focused programs This document is ideal for reviewing human adaptation and evolutionary theory in a clear, structured format supported by well-defined terms and examples. Keywords: polymorphism, gene flow, natural selection, sickle cell, human adaptation, Bergmann’s Rule, Allen’s Rule, acclimatization, hyperventilation, taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny, primate evolution, arboreal theory, visual predation, fruit-eating theory, folivory, dental formula, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, vertical clinging, primate locomotion