GENETICS REVIEW – BIOLOGY.
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Crossing-Over - Answer: Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange
portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Diploid - Answer: Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous
chromosomes
Gamete - Answer: Sex cell
Haploid - Answer: Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
Homologous - Answer: Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes
from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
Independent Assortment - Answer: One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for
different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Meiosis - Answer: Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half
through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Tetrad - Answer: Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis
Zygote - Answer: Fertilized egg
Karyotype - Answer: A micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped
together in pairs arranged in order of decreasing size
Genome - Answer: Entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA
1
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, Nondisjunction - Answer: Error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail
to separate properly
Pedigree - Answer: Chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to
the relationships within a family across several generations
Sex Chromosome - Answer: One of two chromosomes that determines an individual's
sex
Sex-Linked Gene - Answer: Gene located on a sex chromosome
Base Pairing - Answer: Principle that states that bonds in DNA can form only between
adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
DNA Polymerase - Answer: Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication
Telomere - Answer: Repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome
Allele - Answer: One of a number of different forms of a gene
Codominance - Answer: Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are
completely expressed
Gene - Answer: Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait;
factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Genotype - Answer: Genetic makeup of an organism
Heterozygous - Answer: Having two different alleles for a particular gene
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
Quality content you can rely on!
Crossing-Over - Answer: Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange
portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Diploid - Answer: Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous
chromosomes
Gamete - Answer: Sex cell
Haploid - Answer: Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
Homologous - Answer: Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes
from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
Independent Assortment - Answer: One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for
different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Meiosis - Answer: Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half
through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Tetrad - Answer: Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis
Zygote - Answer: Fertilized egg
Karyotype - Answer: A micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped
together in pairs arranged in order of decreasing size
Genome - Answer: Entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Nondisjunction - Answer: Error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail
to separate properly
Pedigree - Answer: Chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to
the relationships within a family across several generations
Sex Chromosome - Answer: One of two chromosomes that determines an individual's
sex
Sex-Linked Gene - Answer: Gene located on a sex chromosome
Base Pairing - Answer: Principle that states that bonds in DNA can form only between
adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
DNA Polymerase - Answer: Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication
Telomere - Answer: Repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome
Allele - Answer: One of a number of different forms of a gene
Codominance - Answer: Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are
completely expressed
Gene - Answer: Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait;
factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Genotype - Answer: Genetic makeup of an organism
Heterozygous - Answer: Having two different alleles for a particular gene
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
