NUR 301 Patho Exam 1 questions with answers.

NUR 301 Patho Exam 1 questions with
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answers

Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cells shrink for the less
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metabolic demand; more efficient |\ |\ |\




Cause of atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diminished
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workload; neural stimulation loss; hormone stimulation
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loss; aging; decreased blood flow; inadequate nutrition
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Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase cell size |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



due to greater metabolic demand
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Physiological hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Increase cell size with adequate supply (angiogenesis -|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



development of new blood vessels); exercise
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Pathological hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



✔✔Increase cell size without supportive structures |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



necessary for metabolic demand; hypertension |\ |\ |\ |\




Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Replacing one type |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



of cell with another; likely to be genetic programming due
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, to a response to a change in environment (chronic
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inflammation); GERD |\




Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



number of cells; stimulated by hormonal or compensatory
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cellular mechanism; only capable in cells the mitotic
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divide


Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Abnormal cell growth,
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distorted appearance; often response to chronic
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inflammation; precancerous condition |\ |\




Categories of intracellular accumulation - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



ANSWERS ✔✔Normal body substances (lipids, proteins,
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and pigments); abnormal endogenous substances (lipids
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and calcium); abnormal exogenous substances
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(pigments)


Reason for abnormal accumulation - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Environment and genetics |\ |\




Hypoxic cell injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Oxygen
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deprived; occurs with low blood supply; cause cell to
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enter anaerobic metabolism
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, Free radical cell injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Oxidative
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stress; unstable and reactive; affects plasma membrane
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and organelle membrane
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Increased intracellular calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Defective ATPase pump due to low ATP |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Physical agent of injury - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Temperature, mechanical trauma, atmospheric |\ |\ |\ |\



pressure, extreme noise |\ |\




Chemical injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exogenous and
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endogenous causing electrolyte imbalance |\ |\ |\ |\



(hypernatremia), reversible cell shrinkage, and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



intracellular fluid depletion |\ |\




Infectious agent injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Bacteria,
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virus, fungi, and parasites
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Injurious immunological reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Allergies and rheumatoid arthritis, immune system |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



attacks itself |\




Genetic defect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Damage DNA -->
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defective RNA --> defective protein
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